Attributing health effects to individual particulate matter constituents

Rohr, Annette; Wyzga, Ronald E.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.036

Cited by 243 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 75 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

133

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…While as expected the crustal components are mainly in the coarse mode with two main modes, all the firework related elements (except Co) are more concentrated in the submicrometric region (>80% elemental mass) with a trimodal size distribution for mascletà events. This information may be useful to epidemiologists given the harmful effects of metallic particles on human health [43][44][45][46]. With regards to a NSD, firework associated elements were generally evident in relative high concentrations in the coarse mode but with far lower intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

Crespo

Yubero

Nicolás

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

h i g h l i g h t sStreaker/Dekati/PIXE are suitable to study high-intensity short-lived firework events. Fireworks related elements showed >80% elemental mass in the submicrometric region. Resuspended soil dust is an important source of atmospheric particles in these shows. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tTypical of festivals in Eastern Spain, mascletàs are high-intensity pyrotechnic events where thousands of firecrackers are burnt in an intense, rapid episode that generates short-lived heavy aerosol clouds. High temporal resolution and size distribution characterisation of aerosol components were performed to evaluate the effects of the brief (<30 min) and acute exposure on the spectators present. Very high concentrations of firework specific elements, especially in the fine fraction, were reached during mascletàs, with values of about 500 g/m 3 for K and 300 g/m 3 for Cl. Sr, Al, Mg, Ba, Cu, Co, Zn, and Pb concentration increase factors of more than 100 (1000 for Sr and Ba) were observed in the fine fraction with respect to background levels. Crustal origin elements, like Ca, Fe, Si, Ti, also showed an important concentration rise (∼10 times above background levels) but this is due to dust resuspension by pyrotechnic explosions. The crustal components are mainly in the coarse mode (>90% elemental mass), between 2 and 3 m. Most firework related metals are concentrated in the submicrometric region (>80%) with a trimodal size distribution. This may be interesting to epidemiologists given the toxic effects that such fine, metal-rich particles can have on human health.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

Crespo

Yubero

Nicolás

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(a) Intended to generate information on the long-term effects of PM 2.5 (since Rohr and Wyzga [2012] covered shortterm studies). Therefore, long-term cohort epidemiological studies were included, as were chronic toxicology studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar language can be found in the Agency's Policy Assessment (EPA, 2011): "Staff concludes that there is insufficient information at this time to consider supplementing the mass-based PM 2.5 indicator by considering a separate indicator for ultrafine particles or for a specific PM 2.5 component or group of components associated with any source categories of fine particles, or for eliminating any individual component or group of components from the mix of fine particles included in the PM 2.5 mass-based indicator." Several reviews have concluded that there are components that appear to be playing a comparatively greater role in health effects (Rohr and Wyzga, 2012;Kelly and Fussell, 2012;Lippmann and Chen, 2009). Some investigators have posited a stronger role for carbon-containing PM components, particularly elemental or black carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grahame and Schlesinger (2010) had previously concluded in a review of cardiovascular health and vehicular PM emissions that "it may be desirable to promulgate a black carbon PM 2.5 standard under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, which would apply to both on and off-road diesels." Rohr and Wyzga (2012) recently published a review of the short-term health effects of PM components. That review found that the majority of the studies yielded significant findings for specific components of PM, but not for PM 2.5 mass concentration, suggesting that PM composition is the primary driver of health responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Wyzga

Rohr

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While most in the scientific community are of the opinion that the composition of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is an important driver of resultant health effects, there is still some degree of uncertainty regarding those components considered to be most harmful. Reviews of the subject from several perspectives have been published, but to our knowledge a comprehensive review of the epidemiological and toxicological literature related to long-term exposure to PM 2.5 components does not exist. We reviewed published epidemiological studies that were of a cohort design, included at least one PM component as well as PM 2.5 mass, and included quantitative analysis to relate health outcomes to individual components. Toxicological studies were included if they were ≥5 months in duration and either included at least one PM component as well as PM mass or focused on a specific PM or emissions type. Overall, we find that epidemiological and toxicological evidence for long-term effects of PM components is limited, in contrast to the short-term literature, which is more plentiful. Epidemiological literature suggests that a number of components are associated with health effects, and that no component is unequivocally not so associated. Toxicological studies that can more easily identify potentially causal components are generally limited to long-term studies using concentrated ambient particles (CAPs), of which few long-term studies exist. Epidemiological study designs that utilize existing monitoring data routinely collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency would be valuable additions to the literature, as would novel toxicological studies that incorporate innovative designs to separate components or groups of components, such as denuders, filtration, or other approaches. From a policy perspective, it is important to more comprehensively investigate this issue so that if particular constituents are determined to be more potent in inducing health effects, their sources can be controlled.Implications: Understanding the components of PM 2.5 that are most harmful to human health is a critical policy issue. This review examined the epidemiological and toxicological literature related to long-term exposure to PM components and found that, unlike the literature on short-term health effects, there is insufficient information to make clear inferences about causal components. There is a need for further research in this area to exploit existing PM monitoring data in epidemiological studies and to design experimental studies that are able to tease out the effects of multiple constituents.

show abstract

“…The smaller the diameter of the particles, the higher their capacity to penetrate into the respiratory system: PM10 particles can reach the larynx, PM2.5 the bronchi, and PM1 the alveoli [45]. The chemical composition is also important, as PM can contain metals [46] and metalloids, As among them [21,47].…”

Section: Sampling Of Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical approaches for arsenic determination in air: A critical review

Sánchez-Rodas

Campa

Alsioufi

2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review describes the different steps involved in the determination of arsenic in air, considering the particulate matter (PM) and the gaseous phase. The review focuses on sampling, sample preparation and instrumental analytical techniques for both total arsenic determination and speciation analysis. The origin, concentration and legislation concerning arsenic in ambient air are also considered. The review intends to describe the procedures for sample collection of total suspended particles (TSP) or particles with a certain diameter expressed in microns (e.g. PM10 and PM2.5), or the collection of the gaseous phase containing gaseous arsenic species. Sample digestion of the collecting media for PM is

show abstract

Attributing health effects to individual particulate matter constituents

Cited by 243 publications

References 75 publications

High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

Long-term particulate matter exposure: Attributing health effects to individual PM components

Analytical approaches for arsenic determination in air: A critical review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About