Attribution of Responsibility for Sexual Assault: The Influence of Observer Empathy and Defendant Occupation and Attractiveness

Deitz, Sheila R.; Byrnes, Lynne E.

doi:10.1080/00223980.1981.9915241

Cited by 73 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Consistent with greater prevalence rates of female victimization and male perpetration (Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network 2009; Rozee and Koss 2001;U.S. Department of Justice 2008), women can more easily understand and identify with victims than men (Deitz and Byrnes 1981;Deitz et al 1984;Olsen-Fulero and Fulero 1997). Likewise, men may be more able than women to understand and identify with perpetrators of rape.…”

Section: Rape Empathy and Gendermentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Theory and research on empathy has also suggested that similarity to a target victim, exposure to a target victim, and personal victimization experience are factors that may increase identification with, understanding of and empathy with a victim (Barnett et al 1987;Batson and Shaw 1991;Cialdini et al 1997;Deitz et al 1982;Deitz and Byrnes 1981;Deitz et al 1984;Krebs 1975;Olsen-Fulero and Fulero 1997;Schewe and O'Donohue 1993). Consistent with greater prevalence rates of female victimization and male perpetration (Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network 2009; Rozee and Koss 2001;U.S.…”

Section: Rape Empathy and Gendermentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Victim empathy may also curb rape proclivities in men (Deitz et al 1982;Osland et al 1996), and has been examined in rape prevention education programs (Anderson and Whiston 2005;Borden et al 1988;Gidycz et al 2001;O'Donohue et al 2003;Pinzone-Glover et al 1998;Schewe and O'Donohue 1993;Smith and Frieze 2003). Furthermore, empathy with a rape victim has been positively associated with both student's and juror's trial-related rape judgments of defendant's guilt, responsibility, and sentencing (Deitz et al 1982;Deitz and Byrnes 1981;Smith and Frieze 2003).…”

Section: Rape Empathy and Gendermentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Past studies have largely utilized the Rape Empathy Scale (RES) (Deitz, et al 1982;Deitz and Byrnes 1981), which measures empathy for a female victim and male rapist using a one-dimensional scale such that scores on one end of the continuum indicate more empathy for a female victim and scores on the other end of the continuum indicate more empathy for a male rapist (Borden, et al 1988;Ching and Burke 1999;Deitz et al 1984;Gidycz et al 2001;Jimenez and Abreu 2003;Osland et al 1996;Pinzone-Glover et al 1998;Schewe and O'Donohue 1993;O'Donohue et al 2003;Weir and Wrightsman 1990). Although widely used, the RES has limitations based on its design (Olsen-Fulero and Fulero 1997;Smith and Frieze 2003).…”

Section: Rape Empathy and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Predicting Rape Empathy Based on Victim, Perpetrator, and Participant Gender, and History of Sexual Aggression

Osman

2011

Sex Roles

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This study examined empathy for a hypothetical rape victim and perpetrator based on gender of victim, perpetrator and participant, and sexual aggression experience. Undergraduates (n=591, 333 female) from a United States east coast mid-size public university completed the Rape Victim and Perpetrator Empathy Scales (victim and perpetrator gender experimentally varied), and the Sexual Experiences Survey. Hypotheses were partially supported. Empathy was greater with the victim of a man than a woman. Women with victimization experience were especially empathic with a female victim. Men without victimization experience were relatively non-empathic with a male victim. Empathy was greater with a female than a male perpetrator, especially when her victim was male or when reported by women. A male rapist received the greatest empathy from men with perpetration experience. Findings are consistent with cultural expectations that women are victims and men are aggressors, and may imply that similarity in experience can facilitate rape empathy.

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Section: Rape Empathy and Gendermentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Rape Empathy and Gendermentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Rape Empathy and Gendermentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Rape Empathy and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Predicting Rape Empathy Based on Victim, Perpetrator, and Participant Gender, and History of Sexual Aggression

Osman

2011

Sex Roles

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“…Participants were 120 males from Washington State University and Eastern Washington University. Participants were assessed using the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), the Rape Responsibility Questionnaire (Deitz & Byrnes, 1981), the Rape Myth Acceptance scale (Burt, 1980), the Acceptance of Interpersonal Violence scale (AIV; Burt, 1980), the Adversarial Sexual…”

Section: Early Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Young Adult Literature on Adolescents' Rape Myth Acceptance

Malo-Juvera¹

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Police officers' definitions of rape: A prototype study

Krahé

1991

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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The study investigates police officers' definitions of different rape situations. On the basis of the concept of ‘cognitive prototypes’ a methodology is developed which elicits consensual feature lists describing six rape situations: the typical, i.e. most common rape, the credible, dubious, and false rape complaints as well as the rape experiences that are particularly hard vs. relatively easy for the victim to cope with. Qualitative analysis of the data allows the identification of the characteristic features defining the prototype of each rape situation, as well as comparisons between the situations in terms of their common and distinctive features. It is shown that police officers, while sharing some of the widely held stereotypes about rape, generally perceive rape as a serious crime with long‐term negative consequences for the victim. The quantitative analysis of prototype similarity between the six situations corroborates this conclusion by demonstrating a high similarity between the prototypes of the typical and the credible rape situation. In addition, subjects' general attitude towards rape victims is measured to compare the prototypes provided by respondents holding a positive vs. negative attitude towards rape victims. Findings for the two groups, however, reveal more similarities than differences in their descriptions of rape prototypes. The paper concludes with a discussion of the feasibility of the prototype approach presented in this study as a strategy for investigating implicit or common‐sense theories of rape.

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Attribution of Responsibility for Sexual Assault: The Influence of Observer Empathy and Defendant Occupation and Attractiveness

Cited by 73 publications

References 23 publications

Predicting Rape Empathy Based on Victim, Perpetrator, and Participant Gender, and History of Sexual Aggression

Predicting Rape Empathy Based on Victim, Perpetrator, and Participant Gender, and History of Sexual Aggression

The Effect of Young Adult Literature on Adolescents' Rape Myth Acceptance

Police officers' definitions of rape: A prototype study

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