Atypical Cauda Equina Syndrome with Lower Limb Clonus: A Literature Review and Case Report

Mirza, Asfand Baig; Akhbari, Melika; Lavrador, José Pedro; Maratos, Eleni

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.10.198

World Neurosurgery

2020

DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.10.198

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Atypical Cauda Equina Syndrome with Lower Limb Clonus: A Literature Review and Case Report

Asfand Baig Mirza

Melika Akhbari

José Pedro Lavrador

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…For example, acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy, the most common type of Guillain-Barré syndrome, has been reported as a complication in patients with To the best of our knowledge, inflammation, and demyelination in the pudendal nerve can lead to bladder and bowel incontinence. 9,10 Pudendal neuropathy was reported in some viral infections such as HIV and herpes zoster, and multiple sclerosis. 11 Due to innervation of anal and urethral sphincter by the pudendal nerve, It seems COVID-19 by inflammation and demyelination in the pudendal nerve, causes bladder and bowel incontinence.Therefore, these COVID-19 probable neurological complications should be considered important because they can have diagnostic value.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bladder and bowel incontinence in COVID‐19

Pourfridoni

Pajokh

Seyedi

2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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To the Editor, Coronavirus 2019 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an acute respiratory disease that has infected more than 99 million people and killed more than two million people as of January 26, 2021. 1 COVID-19 has various manifestations such as respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, neurological, and so forth.With the increase in research about COVID-19, various neurological complications have been reported in these patients. Some of the neurological complications that have been reported in COVID-19 patients include headache, anosmia, hyposmia, dysgeusia, impaired consciousness, seizures, encephalitis, demyelinating neuropathy. 2,3 SARS-CoV-2 can directly or indirectly damage neurons by invading the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.The pro-inflammatory "cytokine storm" caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause neuroinflammation, which eventually leads to neuron demyelination. 4 It has already been proven that some viral infections cause various demyelinating diseases in animals and humans. 5 Demyelinating neuropathy is one of the COVID-19 neurological complications. Neuron demyelination can cause several disorders. Some of them include diplopia, ataxia, clonus, dysarthria, paraesthesia in hands and feet, hemiparesis, incoordination, weakness, unsteadiness, and hearing loss. 6,7 Demyelinating disorders have a wide range and are not limited to the cases mentioned. For example, acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy, the most common type of Guillain-Barré syndrome, has been reported as a complication in patients with To the best of our knowledge, inflammation, and demyelination in the pudendal nerve can lead to bladder and bowel incontinence. 9,10 Pudendal neuropathy was reported in some viral infections such as HIV and herpes zoster, and multiple sclerosis. 11 Due to innervation of anal and urethral sphincter by the pudendal nerve, It seems COVID-19 by inflammation and demyelination in the pudendal nerve, causes bladder and bowel incontinence.Therefore, these COVID-19 probable neurological complications should be considered important because they can have diagnostic value. Hence, medical staff should consider the possibility of COVID-19 in a suspected patient if they observe these symptoms, and also, people should be aware of COVID-19 when faced with these symptoms. Awareness of the broader symptoms of the disease can lead to a faster therapeutic procedure and consequently reduce the mortality rate.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder and bowel incontinence in COVID‐19

Pourfridoni

Pajokh

Seyedi

2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Chiropractic Management of a Symptomatic Patient Who Previously Had Surgery for Cauda Equina Syndrome

Cook¹

2021

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Acute onset low back pain leading to a diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome: a case study

Read¹,

Mortimore

2022

Practice Nursing

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Cauda equina syndrome is rarely seen in primary care, but advanced practitioners must be aware of the possibility. Haley Read and Gerri Mortimore highlight a case study leading to a diagnosis of the condition One of the most common symptoms managed in primary care is lower back pain, which affects approximately 20% of the UK population at any one time ( National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care, 2009 ). There are many differential diagnoses for the cause of back pain, with one such potential diagnosis being cauda equina syndrome. In this instance, it is of paramount importance that the correct diagnosis is reached quickly with urgent referral into secondary care for the instigation of treatment to prevent paralysis. This case review will examine a patient presenting to primary care with lower back pain and diagnosed with cauda equina syndrome.

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Atypical Cauda Equina Syndrome with Lower Limb Clonus: A Literature Review and Case Report

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Bladder and bowel incontinence in COVID‐19

Bladder and bowel incontinence in COVID‐19

Chiropractic Management of a Symptomatic Patient Who Previously Had Surgery for Cauda Equina Syndrome

Acute onset low back pain leading to a diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome: a case study

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