Atypical Hepatitis B Virus in Spain?

Echevarría, J M; León, Pilar; Domingo, C. J.; López, J. A.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92929-7

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, similar cases of HBV2 infection were detected in California [64], Taiwan [62], Spain [63] and France [65], suggesting that the putative agent can be distributed worldwide.…”

Section: Infection By Hbv2mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Although some investigators have interpreted the isolated reactivity for HBsAg as non-specific reaction [60,61], neutralization of the HBsAg reactivity by human polyclonal anti-HBs [58,62,63], visualization of HBsAg-like particles by electron microscopy, detection of pre-S2 epitopes by specific monoclonal antibodies, and detection of HBV-related DNA sequences by molecular hybridization [58], in these cases have been reported, suggesting involvement of an HBV variant or an HBV-related agent.…”

Section: Infection By Hbv2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The underlying mechanisms for the “isolated positivity for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)” serological profile

Pondé

2010

Med Microbiol Immunol

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During HBV infection, four structural antigen/antibody systems are observed: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its antibody (anti-HBs); the pre-S antigens associated with HBsAg particles and their antibodies; the particulate nucleocapsid antigen (HBcAg) and anti-HBc; and an antigen structurally related to HBcAg, namely HBeAg and its antibody (anti-HBe). Through the examination of this antigen-antibodies system, hepatitis B infection is diagnosed and the course of the disorder may be observed. Isolated HBsAg seropositivity is a peculiar serological pattern in HBV infection observed some times in routine laboratory. In most cases is not clear how this profile should be interpreted neither its significance. This pattern, however, may be associated with some clinical and laboratorial situations of great relevance, some of which will be addressed in this article.

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“…However, similar cases of HBV2 infection were detected in California [64], Taiwan [62], Spain [63] and France [65], suggesting that the putative agent can be distributed worldwide.…”

Section: Infection By Hbv2mentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Infection By Hbv2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The underlying mechanisms for the “isolated positivity for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)” serological profile

Pondé

2010

Med Microbiol Immunol

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“…Food prepared with cured pork meat is traditionally consumed by Spaniards, but consumption of raw pork meat or pork liver is exceptional in Spain. However, acquisition of HEV by consumption of cured pork meat products has been recently reported [32]. In addition to pigs, anti-HEV has been detected among bovine livestock from several countries, including Spain [23], and HEV RNA from genotype 4 has been reported from stool samples from cattle in the Chinese region of Xinjiang [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospection of Hepatitis E Virus in Human, Swine and Sewage Samples in Spain

Fogeda¹

2017

JMEN

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been detected in Spain among patients with acute hepatitis, swine livestock, wild fauna and urban sewage, but prospective studies have been scarce. The incidence of the infection among humans and the mechanisms for acquisition of local HEV strains are unknown. Serum samples from 46 prospectively selected patients displaying liver alterations were tested for IgG and IgM antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) and for HEV RNA. HEV RNA was investigated in 287 stool samples from piglets and in 45 sewage samples from a single region, and anti-HEV was tested in 94 serum samples from piglets from the same farms. Acute HEV infection was identified in six patients (13.4%), and evidence of contact with HEV in the past, but unrelated to the ongoing liver alterations, was obtained in eight (17.3%). Two imported and four autochthonous cases of acute infection were recorded. Most autochthonous cases were found in the Basque Country, where swine livestock is not of economic importance. HEV RNA was detected in stool samples from three piglets aged 6-8 weeks from a single farm (1%), and anti-HEV was found among piglets from all farms at rates ranging overall from 18.1 to 58.3%, but from 70.8 to 71.4% among the oldest ones (22-23 weeks old). All sewage samples tested negative for HEV RNA. The results show that locally acquired, human HEV infection might be significantly more frequent in the Northern regions of Spain, and that swine livestock might not be in the origin of most of these infections.

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“…Although some investigators interpreted these findings as non-specific reactions [Skurrie and Garland, 1988;Ratnam et al, 19891, results giving suggestive evidence involving an HBV variant or an HBV-related agent in these cases have been reported. These results included neutralization of the HBsAg reactivity by human polyclonal anti-HBs [Coursaget et al, 1987;Wu et al, 1988;Echevarria et al, 1988;Vranckx et al, 19891, visual-ization of HBsAg-like particles by electron microscopy [Wands et al, 1982a;Coursaget et al, 19871, detection of pre-S2 epitopes by specific Mabs [Coursaget et al, 19871, detection of HBV-related DNA sequences by molecular hybridization [Coursaget et al, 1987;Shafritz et al, 19821 and Southern blot analysis [Brechot et al. 19851 and characterization of the reactive material by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [Wands et al, 1982al. Our results obtained with a large series of serologically similar cases confirmed some of the previously described characteristics of the HBsAg reactivity.…”

Section: Other Hbv Serum Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of HBV2‐like infections in Spain

Echevarría

León

Domingo

et al. 1991

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis B viral serum markers suggestive of infection by hepatitis B virus type 2 were found in 354 patients tested in the laboratory during a 2.5 year period of study. Confirmation of the HBsAg reactivity by neutralization and subtyping analysis and determination of serum HBV-DNA by molecular hybridization were carried out on selected samples from these patients. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained from 234 patients and serological follow-up was done in 70 cases. The results obtained from the confirmatory tests and DNA assays indicated that HBsAg reactivities were specific, being frequently associated to low levels of HBV-DNA. The incidence rates obtained for HBV2 serological patterns among patients at different level of risk for HBV infection, as well as the finding of a high rate of coinfection with hepatitis A virus among those showing acute hepatitis, suggested that the HBV2 agent could be transmitted by the oral route. An hypothesis considering the so called HBV2 infections as resulting from infections by an HBV variant strain which has an improved ability for non-sexual, non-parenteral transmission is suggested. Specific recommendations for detection and confirmation of such cases in blood banks are also outlined.

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Atypical Hepatitis B Virus in Spain?

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

The underlying mechanisms for the “isolated positivity for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)” serological profile

The underlying mechanisms for the “isolated positivity for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)” serological profile

Prospection of Hepatitis E Virus in Human, Swine and Sewage Samples in Spain

Characterization of HBV2‐like infections in Spain

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