Atypical lipoteichoic acids of gram-positive bacteria

Sutcliffe, Iain C.; Shaw, N.

doi:10.1128/jb.173.22.7065-7069.1991

Cited by 82 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…However, some Gram-positive bacteria are known to produce lipidated macroamphiphiles including lipoglycans and lipoteichoic acids (LTA), which have immunogenic properties similar to LPS [102]. The bacterial genera Corynebacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus reportedly produce lipoglycans [106][107][108]; and while LTA production occurs in the genera Bacillus, Clostridium, and Staphylococcus [109,110], some PHA-producing strains from these genera lack LTA [111,112]. Further investigation will be required to verify if there are alternative lipidated macroamphiphiles in Gram-positive and PHA-producing bacteria.…”

Section: Gram-positive Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Start a Research on Biopolymer Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): A Review

et al. 2014

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Section: Gram-positive Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Start a Research on Biopolymer Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): A Review

et al. 2014

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“…Conversely, the number of Gram-positive bacteria now known to lack classical LTA is steadily increasing. The first Gram-positive bacterium found to lack LTA was Micrococcus luteus (103). Lipoglycans like lipoarabinomannans from Mycobacterium (LAM) are the most common components of actinobacteria cell envelopes (102).…”

Section: Determinants Of Rhizobium Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determinants of the Actinorhizal Symbiosis

Kucho

Hay²,

Normand³

2010

Microb. Environ.

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The actinorhizal symbiosis is a major contributor to the global nitrogen budget, playing a dominant role in ecological successions following disturbances. The mechanisms involved are still poorly known but there emerges the vision that on the plant side, the kinases that transmit the symbiotic signal are conserved with those involved in the transmission of the Rhizobium Nod signal in legumes. However, on the microbial side, complementation with Frankia DNA of Rhizobium nod mutants failed to permit identification of symbiotic genes. Furthermore, analysis of three Frankia genomes failed to permit identification of canonical nod genes and revealed symbiosis-associated genes such as nif, hup, suf and shc to be spread around the genomes. The present review explores some recently published approaches aimed at identifying bacterial symbiotic determinants.

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“…NADPH oxidase is an enzymatic source for the production of ROS under various pathologic conditions. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria is an amphiphilic, negatively charged glycolipid (2). Recently, increasing reports have indicated that LTA shares many inflammatory properties of LPS and plays a role in the pathogenesis of septic shock or severe inflammatory responses induced by Gram-positive bacterial infection (3).…”

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Lipoteichoic Acid Induces HO-1 Expression via the TLR2/MyD88/c-Src/NADPH Oxidase Pathway and Nrf2 in Human Tracheal Smooth Muscle Cells

Lee¹,

Wang²,

Lee³

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

133

153

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Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) is a stress‐inducible rate‐limiting enzyme in heme degradation, which confers cytoprotection against oxidative injury and provides a vital function in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Increasing reports have indicated that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) exerts as LPS as an immune system‐stimulating agent and plays a role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses induced by Gram‐positive bacteria infection. Here, we report that LTA is an inducer of HO‐1 and examine the signaling pathways by which LTA regulates HO‐1 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs). LTA induced HO‐1 protein, mRNA expression, and HO‐1 promoter activity. LTA‐stimulated HO‐1 expression was attenuated by transfection with dominant negative mutants of Toll‐like receptor‐2 (TLR‐2) and MyD88, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI), the ROS scavenger (NAC), and transfection with siRNAs of Src and NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). LTA‐stimulated c‐Src phosphorylation, translocation of p47phox and Nrf2, and ROS production were attenuated by transfection with dominant negative mutants of TLR‐2, MyD88, and c‐Src, and by pretreatment with DPI or NAC. Further studies revealed that LTA induced TLR‐2, MyD88, c‐Src, and p47phox complex formation. These results demonstrated that in HTSMCs, LTA induced ROS generation through the TLR‐2/MyD88/c‐Src/NADPH oxidase pathway, in turn initiates the activation of Nrf2, and ultimately induces HO‐1 expression.

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Atypical lipoteichoic acids of gram-positive bacteria

Cited by 82 publications

References 71 publications

Start a Research on Biopolymer Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): A Review

Start a Research on Biopolymer Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): A Review

The Determinants of the Actinorhizal Symbiosis

Lipoteichoic Acid Induces HO-1 Expression via the TLR2/MyD88/c-Src/NADPH Oxidase Pathway and Nrf2 in Human Tracheal Smooth Muscle Cells

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