Atypical scapular fracture

Incomplete Avulsion Fractures of the Scapular Spine Caused by Violent Muscle Contraction

“…2 Reported scapular fracture sites and the possible causative muscles are diverse. 2,[5][6][7][8] The coracoid, acromion, and scapular spine, which are generally referred to as scapular processes, are particularly prone to avulsion fractures because of their anatomical and structural characteristics. Fractures of the coracoid possibly occur as a result of traction of the conjoint tendon along with or without the pectoralis minor.…”

Scapular stress fracture: a palaeopathological case consistent with crutch use

“…Occupational stress linked to lesion Acromion (body) Sandrock (1975) Trap shooting Boyer (1975) Trap shooting (at the rate of 200 to 1000 rounds per week) Dennis et al (1986) Cuff tear arthropathy Rupp et al (1998) 31-year old female elite tennis player after arthroscopic subacromial decompression Acromion (base) Hall & Calvert (1995) 42-year-old right-handed female and golf player with a fracture on the left-hand side Ward et al (1994) 28-year-old male, attacker (American football) Roy et al (2002) 82-year old woman using a zimmer-frame McFarland et al (2006) Four months after a reverse shoulder prosthesis placement 'Os acromiale' (for the advocates of causal trauma) Stirland (1984) Bowmen (the stress of drawing the bow during late adolescence might explain non-union of the acromial epiphysis) Bleton & Alnot (2000) Almost constant association with cuff tear arthropathy Superomedial part Veluvolu et al (1988) 30-year-old jogger using hand-held weights Medial margin Gaffney (1997) Avulsion of the serratus anterior muscle after using a rowing ergometer Inferior angle Franco et al (2004) Prolonged cough in a patient with bone insufficiency Lateral margin Nagy et al (1967) In two lorry drivers Brower et al (1977) Avulsion of the teres minor muscle in a 39-year-old man working overhead on an assembly line clamping the tail pipe to the chassis of automobiles Fink- Bennett & Benson (1984) 17-year-old boy with bilateral fracture after crutch usage following the amputation of the right leg above the knee due to an osteogenic sarcoma Deltoff & Bressler (1989) Non-athletic 32-year-old male performing push-ups Ho et al (1993) 32-year-old male truck driver whose job involved heavy lifting Hart et al (1995) 7-year-old child without history of repetitive use of his upper arm Parr & Faillance (1999) A minimally displaced right fracture two weeks after a left total knee replacement for osteoarthritis, with premature use of a zimmer-frame (intensive use of a cane in the right hand for 3 months before surgery) De Villiers et al (2005) 21-year-old cricketer with two professional seasons a year Glenoid cavity (inferior edge) Bennett (1941) Baseball pitchers tion of this fracture is identical to the lesion observed in this case. Moreover, concerning correlated occupational activities, our literature review has singled out two cases in which walking aids were responsible for a similar stress fracture on the lateral margin of ...…”