Atypicality, intelligence, and age: a conceptual model of autistic spectrum disorder

Coplan, James

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00876.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…People with normal intelligence/ adaptive functioning and milder autistic symptoms generally have the best outcomes, those with MR or intellectual disability and severe autistic symptoms have the worst outcomes within the continuum, and those with normal cognitive-adaptive skills and severe autistic symptoms generally do better than those with MR or intellectual disability and mild autistic symptoms, 328,333 which reaffirms the contribution of intelligence rather than degree of atypicality (autistic symptoms). However, within the subgroup of children with normal intelligence, the degree of atypicality then becomes more important in determining prognosis.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 61%

“…320 Important early predictors include JA skills, functional play skills, 321 cognitive abilities, and severity of ASD symptoms. [322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330][331][332][333][334] Recent studies have revealed that although most children diagnosed with AD retain their diagnosis at 9 years of age, 208 many, especially those with PDD-NOS, improve, and a minority have optimal outcomes; that is, they have normal intelligence and function reasonably well in mainstream classrooms without an aid but still exhibit residual clinical signs of social awkwardness, restrictive interests, or mild, infrequent stereotypies. Some may show signs of ADHD, languagebased learning disabilities, or other learning challenges.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Johnson

Myers²

2007

Pediatrics

1,677

1,038

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Autism spectrum disorders are not rare; many primary care pediatricians care for several children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatricians play an important role in early recognition of autism spectrum disorders, because they usually are the first point of contact for parents. Parents are now much more aware of the early signs of autism spectrum disorders because of frequent coverage in the media; if their child demonstrates any of the published signs, they will most likely raise their concerns to their child's pediatrician. It is important that pediatricians be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders and have a strategy for assessing them systematically. Pediatricians also must be aware of local resources that can assist in making a definitive diagnosis of, and in managing, autism spectrum disorders. The pediatrician must be familiar with developmental, educational, and community resources as well as medical subspecialty clinics. This clinical report is 1 of 2 documents that replace the original American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement and technical report published in 2001. This report addresses background information, including definition, history, epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, early signs, neuropathologic aspects, and etiologic possibilities in autism spectrum disorders. In addition, this report provides an algorithm to help the pediatrician develop a strategy for early identification of children with autism spectrum disorders. The accompanying clinical report addresses the management of children with autism spectrum disorders and follows this report on page 1162 [available at www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/120/5/1162]. Both clinical reports are complemented by the toolkit titled “Autism: Caring for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Resource Toolkit for Clinicians,” which contains screening and surveillance tools, practical forms, tables, and parent handouts to assist the pediatrician in the identification, evaluation, and management of autism spectrum disorders in children.

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Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Johnson

Myers²

2007

Pediatrics

1,677

1,038

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“…There is no way to determine the severity (Coplan, 2003) of the autism in the children described here. The finding that the children with autism in this study had expenditures significantly greater than those for children with other chronic conditions might indicate that their autism could be characterized as severe.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Health Care Utilization and Expenditures for Children with Autism: Data from U.S. National Samples

Liptak

Stuart

Auinger

2006

J Autism Dev Disord

247

173

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Little is known about the use of medical services by children who have autism (ASD). Provide nationally representative data for health service utilization and expenditures of children with ASD. Cross-sectional survey using the Medical Expenditure Panel (MEPS), and National (Hospital) Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (N(H)AMCS). A total of 80 children with ASD were identified from N(H)AMCS (weighted sample size (wss) 186,281), and 31 (wss 340,158) from MEPS. They had more outpatient visits, physician visits, and medications prescribed than children in general. They spent more time during physician visits than other children. Annual expenses for children with autism spectrum disorder (6,132 dollars) were more than for other children (860 dollars). Children with ASD have a substantial burden of medical illness.

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“…Difficulty in predicting outcomes. ASDs take as many forms as there are children with the disorder (Coplan, 2003). No two children show the same pattern of symptoms or strengths, and the specific events that challenge one child appear to be handled easily by another.…”

Section: Ambiguous Loss In Autismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambiguous Loss in Families of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders*

O’Brien¹

2007

Family Relations

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Learning that a child has a lifelong developmental disorder is stressful and challenging to any family, yet it is clear that some families adapt and adjust more readily than others. In this article, it is proposed that a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is especially likely to be experienced as ambiguous loss. Interviews with mothers of children with ASDs are used to identify whether mothers express feelings of ambiguous loss when talking about their child. Then, a specific hypothesis derived from ambiguous loss theory-that higher levels of identity ambiguity in mothers are linked to higher levels of depressive symptoms and perceived stress independent of the severity of the child's diagnosis-is tested and found to be supported. Recognition of ambiguous loss in families of children with ASDs would help professionals provide more effective support and assistance to families.

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Atypicality, intelligence, and age: a conceptual model of autistic spectrum disorder

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Health Care Utilization and Expenditures for Children with Autism: Data from U.S. National Samples

Ambiguous Loss in Families of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders*

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