2021
DOI: 10.1002/admi.202100068
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Au(111) Surface Contamination in Ambient Conditions: Unravelling the Dynamics of the Work Function in Air

Abstract: present on the surface of inorganic materials, such as metals, [3] silicon dioxide, [4] or indium tin oxide (ITO). [5] This airborne contamination is known to form a layer that changes the wettability of these surfaces rendering them hydrophobic upon air exposure. [1,6] Gold is widely employed both in applied and fundamental research (e.g., optoelectronic device fabrication, adsorption studies, and electrochemical detection) and it is also a suitable material for gravitational waves detection (Gravity Pro… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Therefore, these approaches might have over- or underestimated the SBH. Furthermore, tabulated Φ elec values of the respective materials were used in the estimation of Φ B e instead of actually measured ones, even though it is known that Φ elec is highly sensitive to the electrode preparation conditions, inevitable air exposure, and surface cleaning procedures during the sample fabrication process. …”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, these approaches might have over- or underestimated the SBH. Furthermore, tabulated Φ elec values of the respective materials were used in the estimation of Φ B e instead of actually measured ones, even though it is known that Φ elec is highly sensitive to the electrode preparation conditions, inevitable air exposure, and surface cleaning procedures during the sample fabrication process. …”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…49 In contrast, the Δε detected in the "MoS 2 on Au (transfer)" heterostructure is roughly 5× higher than that in the "MoS 2 on Ni (transfer)" heterostructure (Figure 4c), which may manifest from the nonuniform strain landscape formed by the mixture of supported and suspended MoS 2 when transferred onto a metal substrate. 19,27,29,45 The notable differences between metal/MoS 2 interfaces formed by metal deposition onto MoS 2 and GeO 2 dissolution compared to those formed by transferring MoS 2 onto a metal substrate highlighted here demonstrate the wide range of variability in 2DM strain and doping that is present in 2D/3D heterostructures fabricated using different methods. This unique comparison is enabled by our novel heterostructure fabrication and release process.…”
Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…Additionally, the metal/MoS 2 interface formed by transferring MoS 2 onto the metal is characterized by a mixture of nanoscale supported and suspended regions, which results in unexpected interface properties compared to the same interface formed by depositing the metal onto MoS 2 . 19,27,29,45 A widely reported hole doping method involves oxygen substitution in MoS 2 . 46 However, the data collected in this work show no evidence of process-induced MoS 2 oxidation in any of the investigated heterostructures.…”
Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[9] This choice is critical as the KPFM measurements can be deeply affected by experimental parameters, e.g., tip-sample distance, potential applied to the tip, or experimental conditions, e.g., relative ambient humidity, and contamination by adventitious carbon. [10,11] The latter issue plagues also inert metals such as Au and causes time-dependent not monotonic work function changes as large as 0.5 V (≈10%) upon exposure to ambient air. [11] To minimize the influence of the above extrinsic phenomena and enhance the reliability of the surface potential values extracted by KPFM we have adopted an experimental approach based on: i) the fabrication of patterned samples in which a biofunctionalized area with a typical size of 100-200 µm 2 is separated by a pristine Au area by a sharp interface (Note S2, Supporting Information); ii) the accurate choice of the experimental parameters (Note S3, Supporting Information), and iii) the simultaneous surface potential measurement of both the bare and the anti-IgM biofunctionalized Au areas (Au/anti-IgM) in each KPFM image (see Experimental Section).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[10,11] The latter issue plagues also inert metals such as Au and causes time-dependent not monotonic work function changes as large as 0.5 V (≈10%) upon exposure to ambient air. [11] To minimize the influence of the above extrinsic phenomena and enhance the reliability of the surface potential values extracted by KPFM we have adopted an experimental approach based on: i) the fabrication of patterned samples in which a biofunctionalized area with a typical size of 100-200 µm 2 is separated by a pristine Au area by a sharp interface (Note S2, Supporting Information); ii) the accurate choice of the experimental parameters (Note S3, Supporting Information), and iii) the simultaneous surface potential measurement of both the bare and the anti-IgM biofunctionalized Au areas (Au/anti-IgM) in each KPFM image (see Experimental Section). Meaningfully, we have demonstrated that while the surface potential values in selected areas may vary as a function of extrinsic parameters, the average value of the relative contact potential differences between the biofunctionalized and Au areas is largely insensitive to the external conditions (Note S3, Supporting Information).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%