Au Nanoparticles Functionalized Covalent-Organic-Framework-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Ractopamine

Abstract

Ractopamine, as a feed additive, has attracted much attention due to its excessive use, leading to the damage of the human nervous system and physiological function. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to establish a rapid and effective method for the detection of ractopamine in food. Electrochemical sensors served as a promising technique for efficiently sensing food contaminants due to their low cost, sensitive response and simple operation. In this study, an electrochemical sensor for ractopamine detection based on Au nanoparticles functionalized covalent organic frameworks (AuNPs@COFs) was constructed. The AuNPs@COF nanocomposite was synthesized by in situ reduction and was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical sensing performance of AuNPs@COF-modified glassy carbon electrode for ractopamine was investigated using the electrochemical method. The proposed sensor exhibited excellent sensing abilities towards ractopamine and was used for the detection of ractopamine in meat samples. The results showed that this method has high sensitivity and good reliability for the detection of ractopamine. The linear range was 1.2–1600 μmol/L, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.12 μmol/L. It is expected that the proposed AuNPs@COF nanocomposites hold great promise for food safety sensing and should be extended for application in other related fields.

Supramolecular recognition enhanced electrochemical sensing: β-cyclodextrin and Pd nanoparticle co-decorated 3D reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode for the quantification of ractopamine

“…Additionally, the 3D-rGO/Pd/β-CD nanocomposite exhibites excellent reusability and durability as an electrode modification material in comparison with other reported materials (Table S2†). 20,36,44,45,47,48 This can be explained by the following reasons: (1) 3D-rGO possesses a unique 3D framework structure and excellent properties as a carrier, in terms of stability, dispersion and protecting the Pd nanoparticles from aggregation and deactivation during practical application; 49–51 (2) conversely, Pd NPs with the high mechanical/chemical stability, can be inserted into the interlayer of 3D-rGO, which may further reduce the interfacial contact between the graphene nanosheets and thus avoid the aggregation of graphene; 26,52 (3) then, the attachment of water-soluble β-CD greatly enhances the solubility and stability of graphene. 53,54 In this case, not only do 3D-rGO, Pd NPs and β-CD perform their distinct functions but the combination of the three components also results in synergistic effects on the electrochemical activity, reusability and durability.…”

“…Compared with other electrochemical RAC detection that use DPV methods in the literature (Table S1 †), 3D-rGO/Pd/b-CD/GCE exhibites a wider detection range and lower detection limit. 11,12,20,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] It is noteworthy that the proposed method is also superior to the other reported RAC detection methods listed in Table S1. † This is because, despite the ultra-low sensitivity or wide detection range of some methods, they oen utilize expensive instruments and complicated procedures for the determination of RAC.…”

“…Additionally, the 3D-rGO/Pd/b-CD nanocomposite exhibites excellent reusability and durability as an electrode modication material in comparison with other reported materials (Table S2 †). 20,36,44,45,47,48 This can be explained by the following reasons:…”

Nafion/Silver Nanoparticles as an Electrochemically Sensitive Interface for the Detection of Ractopamine in Pork Liver

“…Nanoparticles (NPs) are valued for their large surface area, catalytic activity, and distinctive physical and chemical characteristics. They find applications in diverse modern technologies, from sunlight-responsive water treatment and colorimetric sensors to medical diagnostics. − Notably, gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) have been extensively employed in electrochemical analysis for Rac determination. − In a related study, AuNPs were employed as enhancers for the selective detection of Rac and metaproterenol using electrochemical techniques . This study successfully detected Rac and metaproterenol over a wide concentration range from 10 –9 to 10 –5 M within minutes.…”

“…In a recent study, an innovative electrochemical sensor was introduced, using AuNP-modified functionalized covalent organic frameworks (AuNPs-COFs), for detecting Rac in pork and chicken. 37 This sensor demonstrated exceptional Rac detection capabilities, benefiting from favorable charge transfer kinetics and the rapid electron transfer properties of AuNPs-COFs. The sensor had a linear detection range of 1.2−1600 μmol/L and an LOD of 0.12 μmol/L.…”