The reaction of new dinuclear gold(I) organometallic complexes containing mesityl ligands and bridging bidentate phosphanes [Au2(mes)2(μ-LL)] (LL = dppe: 1,2-Bis(di-phenylphosphano)ethane 1a, and water-soluble dppy: 1,2-Bis(di-3-pyridylphosphano)ethane 1b) with Ag+ and Cu+ lead to the formation of a family of heterometallic clusters with mesityl bridging ligands of the general formula [Au2M(μ-mes)2(μ-LL)]A (M = Ag, A = ClO4−, L-L = dppe 2a, dppy 2b; M = Ag, A = SO3CF3−, L-L = dppe 3a, dppy 3b; M = Cu, A = PF6−, L-L = dppe 4a, dppy 4b). The new compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry The crystal structures of [Au2(mes)2(μ-dppy)] 1b and [Au2Ag(μ-mes)2(μ-dppe)]SO3CF3
3a were determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. 3a in solid state is not a cyclic trinuclear Au2Ag derivative but it gives an open polymeric structure instead, with the {Au2(μ-dppe)} fragments “linked” by Ag(μ-mes)2 units. The very short distances of 2.7559(6) Å (Au-Ag) and 2.9229(8) Å (Au-Au) are indicative of gold-silver (metallophillic) and aurophilic interactions. A systematic study of their luminescence properties revealed that all compounds are brightly luminescent in solid state, at room temperature (RT) and at 77 K, or in frozen DMSO solutions with lifetimes in the microsecond range and probably due to the self-aggregation of [Au2M(μ-mes)2(μ-LL)]+ units (M= Ag or Cu; LL= dppe or dppy) into an extended chain structure, through Au-Au and/or Au-M metallophylic interactions, as that observed for 3a. In solid state the heterometallic Au2M complexes with dppe (2a–4a) show a shift of emission maxima (from ca. 430 to the range of 520–540 nm) as compared to the parent dinuclear organometallic product 1a while the complexes with dppy (2b–4b) display a more moderate shift (505 for 1b to a max of 563 nm for 4b).
More importantly, compound [Au2Ag(μ-mes)2(μ-dppy)]ClO4
2b resulted luminescent in diluted DMSO solution at room temperature. Previously reported compound [Au2Cl2(μ-LL)] (L-L dppy 5b) was also studied for comparative purposes. The antimicrobial activity of 1–5 and AgA (A= ClO4−, OSO2CF3−) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast was evaluated. Most tested compounds displayed moderate to high antibacterial activity while heteronuclear Au2M derivatives with dppe (2a–4a) were the more active (MIC 10 to 1 μg/mL). Compounds containing silver were ten times more active to Gram-negative bacteria than the parent dinuclear compound 1a or silver salts. Au2Ag compounds with dppy (2b, 3b) were also potent against fungi.