Aucklandiae Radix and Vladimiriae Radix: A systematic review in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology

Huang, Zecheng; Wei, Chunlei; Yang, Ke; Yu, Ziwei; Wang, Zhanguo; Hu, Huiling

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114372

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Tongbixiao pills were prepared according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. 16 We developed Tongbixiao Wan according to the pathogenesis of gout and the principles of traditional Chinese medicine treatment. The formula of Tongbixiao pills contains Shudi, Baishao, Qinjie, Achyranthes sichuanensis, Qianjianjian, and Lujiao cream to nourish the liver and kidney.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongbixiao Pills Improve Gout by Reducing Uric Acid Levels and Inhibiting Inflammation

ZhiguoShao

et al. 2022

Dose-Response

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Gout is a chronic disease. Gout symptoms are often experienced in the middle of the night. The onset of gout in the middle of the night is closely related to abnormal liver and gallbladder meridian. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy and possible mechanism of action of Tongbixiao pills in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis. The Tongbixiao pills we used included several traditional Chinese medicines, most of which tonify the spleen; strengthen the liver; benefit the kidney; and reduce heat, dampness, and blood stasis. In this randomized clinical study of 105 patients, we found that Tongbixiao pills can reduce uric acid levels in hyperuricemia patients. Additionally, the efficacy was similar to that of allopurinol and the level of uric acid did not increase significantly at eight weeks after withdrawal. In the absence of notable adverse reactions, Tongbixiao pills can also increase uric acid excretion, reduce serum creatinine and lipid levels, and reduce inflammation and relieve gout symptoms. In addition, we used SD rats to simulate gout and arthritis and divided them into five groups: normal group, model group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group. The inflammatory indices of the 40 SD rats were observed. After seven days, ankle swelling in rats in the treatment group was significantly reduced. The indices of uric acid, creatinine, and urea nitrogen in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group, which proved that Tongbixiao pills could inhibit hyperuricemia in rats, thus treating gout. This study demonstrates that Tongbixiao pills can treat gout, provide more treatment options for gouty arthritis, and improve the quality of life of patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongbixiao Pills Improve Gout by Reducing Uric Acid Levels and Inhibiting Inflammation

ZhiguoShao

et al. 2022

Dose-Response

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“…Among the six ingredients, Cb, GB, and OS are atoxic. The dosage of DC in the CW formula for adults was 0.3 g/d, which is far less than the recommended level 3-6 g/d in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 (Huang et al, 2021) and hence resolves the concern regarding toxicity (Bei-Xuan et al, 2016). The potential hepatoxicity of SR Frontiers in Pharmacology frontiersin.org (Yang et al, 2021) and FS might be counteracted by the detoxifying effect of GB (Mahmoudi et al, 2013;Pan et al, 2016;Gao et al, 2020;Xiao et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Cao-Xiang-Wei-Kang formula attenuates the progression of experimental colitis by restoring the homeostasis of the microbiome and suppressing inflammation

Shao

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is pathologically characterized by an immune response accommodative insufficiency and dysbiosis accompanied by persistent epithelial barrier dysfunction. The Cao-Xiang-Wei-Kang (CW) formula has been utilized to treat gastrointestinal disorders in the clinic. The present study was designed to delineate the pharmacological mechanisms of this formula from different aspects of the etiology of ulcerative colitis (UC), a major subtype of IBD. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was given to mice for a week at a concentration of 2%, and the CW solution was administered for 3 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were conducted to examine the changes in the microbiome profile, and biochemical experiments were performed to confirm the therapeutic functions predicted by system pharmacology analysis. The CW treatment hampered DSS-induced experimental colitis progression, and the targets were enriched in inflammation, infection, and tumorigenesis, which was corroborated by suppressed caspase 3 (Casp3) and interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and increased cleaved caspase 3 expression and casp-3 activity in the colon samples from colitis mice subjected to the CW therapy. Moreover, the CW therapy rescued the decreased richness and diversity, suppressed the potentially pathogenic phenotype of the gut microorganisms, and reversed the altered linoleic acid metabolism and cytochrome P450 activity in murine colitis models. In our in vitro experiments, the CW administration increased the alternative activation of macrophages (Mφs) and inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and subsequent death in intestinal organoids (IOs). We propose that the CW formula alleviates the progression of murine colitis by suppressing inflammation, promoting mucosal healing, and re-establishing a microbiome profile that favors re-epithelization.

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“…AR invigorates the stomach, promoting qi and relieving pain. It is mainly used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as stagnation of qi in the spleen and stomach, diarrhea, tenesmus, poor food accumulation, vomiting and diarrhea 9 . Modern pharmacological research shows that AR has the effect of relieving smooth muscle spasms, lowering blood pressure, and exhibiting antibacterial activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network pharmacology and experimental verification based research into the effect and mechanism of Aucklandiae Radix–Amomi Fructus against gastric cancer

Song

Zhou

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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To investigate the mechanism of the Aucklandiae Radix–Amomi Fructus (AR–AF) herb pair in treating gastric cancer (GC) by using network pharmacology and experimental verification. Using the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP), the major active components and their corresponding targets were estimated and screened out. Using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, a visual network was established using the active components of AR–AF and the targets of GC. Based on STRING online database, the protein interaction network of vital targets was built and analyzed. With the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server, the gene ontology (GO) biological processes and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways of the target enrichment were performed. AutoDock Vina was used to perform molecular docking and calculate the binding affinity. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the hub targets were analyzed by the Oncomine, GEPIA, HPA databases and TIMER online tool, and the predicted targets were verified by qRT–PCR in vitro. Eremanthin, cynaropicrin, and aceteugenol were identified as vital active compounds, and AKT1, MAPK3, IL6, MAPK1, as well as EGFR were considered as the major targets. These targets exerted therapeutic effects on GC by regulating the cAMP signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking revealed that these active compounds and targets showed good binding interactions. The validation in different databases showed that most of the results were consistent with this paper. The experimental results confirmed that eremanthin could inhibit the proliferation of AGS by reducing the mRNA expression of hub targets. As predicted by network pharmacology and validated by the experimental results, AR–AF exerts antitumor effects through multiple components, targets, and pathways, thereby providing novel ideas and clues for the development of preparations and the treatment of GC.

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Aucklandiae Radix and Vladimiriae Radix: A systematic review in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology

Cited by 25 publications

References 89 publications

Tongbixiao Pills Improve Gout by Reducing Uric Acid Levels and Inhibiting Inflammation

Tongbixiao Pills Improve Gout by Reducing Uric Acid Levels and Inhibiting Inflammation

The Cao-Xiang-Wei-Kang formula attenuates the progression of experimental colitis by restoring the homeostasis of the microbiome and suppressing inflammation

Network pharmacology and experimental verification based research into the effect and mechanism of Aucklandiae Radix–Amomi Fructus against gastric cancer

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