Audio-visual speech perception in infants and toddlers with Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and Williams syndrome

D’Souza, Dean; D’Souza, Hana; Johnson, Mark H.; Karmiloff‐Smith, Annette

doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.07.002

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Further implying that when observing a scene, DS infants attend equally to social/speech cues and to other cues that are not relevant for communication. This finding is in line with other studies that observed impairment in face and audiovisual speech processing in DS infants and toddlers [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Considering that we observed that DS infants are also slower to orient their visual attention, we can propose that such impairment affects their ability to orient to and fixate salient audiovisual speech cues (e.g., the face).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Interestingly, the same study revealed that once DS infants form eye contact, they maintain it longer than the TD group, possibly affecting their ability to shift their gaze towards other objects in their environment that a caregiver is gazing to. A recent study demonstrated that unlike TD toddlers, DS toddlers at 16 months of age (chronologically age matched with a TD group), and at 28 months (mental age matched with the 16-month-old TD group) are not able to detect a mismatch in the audiovisual speech signal [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, little is known on early visual attention abilities in DS infants, particularly in their first six months of life. Understanding visual attention skills in DS in the first months of life is crucial to understand their reported impairments in early face processing and audiovisual speech processing (e.g., [ 31 , 33 ]), that possibly underlie their impaired language development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Early Visual Attention Abilities and Audiovisual Speech Processing in 5–7 Month-Old Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Infants

et al. 2021

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Communicative abilities in infants with Down syndrome (DS) are delayed in comparison to typically developing (TD) infants, possibly affecting language development in DS. Little is known about what abilities might underlie poor communication and language skills in DS, such as visual attention and audiovisual speech processing. This study compares DS and TD infants between 5–7 months of age in a visual orientation task, and an audiovisual speech processing task, which assessed infants’ looking pattern to communicative cues (i.e., face, eyes, mouth, and waving arm). Concurrent communicative abilities were also assessed via the CSBS-DP checklist. We observed that DS infants orient their visual attention slower than TD infants. Both groups attended more to the eyes than the mouth, and more to the face than the waving arm. However, DS infants attended less to the eyes than the background, and equally to the face and the background, suggesting their difficulty to assess linguistically relevant cues. Finally, communicative skills were related to attention to the eyes in TD, but not in DS infants. Our study showed that early attentional and audiovisual abilities are impaired in DS infants, and might underlie their communication skills, suggesting that early interventions in this population should emphasize those skills.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Visual Attention Abilities and Audiovisual Speech Processing in 5–7 Month-Old Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Infants

et al. 2021

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“…Although this early language delay in WS is well documented, the reasons for the delay are not known. At this point, only a handful of studies have been conducted on the mechanisms that underlie early language acquisition in infants and toddlers with WS (e.g., D'Souza, D'Souza, Johnson, & Karmiloff-Smith, 2016;Mervis & Bertrand, 1997;Nazzi & Bertoncini, 2003).…”

Section: Williams Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of rapid word–object associations in relation to expressive vocabulary: Shared commonalities in infants and toddlers with and without Williams syndrome

Cashon

Holt

et al. 2020

Developmental Science

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“…Could language delay in children with neurodevelopmental disorders partly result from a deficit in integrating auditory and visual information? To find out, we used an eye-tracker to measure auditory-visual (AV) speech integration in ninety-five infants/toddlers with Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, or Williams syndrome, whom we matched on either chronological or mental age to twenty-five TD 15-month-old controls (D. D'Souza, D'Souza, Johnson & Karmiloff-Smith, 2016). In this within-subjects design, the participants were presented with two faces.…”

Section: Specialization As An Active Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precursors to language development in typically and atypically developing infants and toddlers: the importance of embracing complexity

D’Souza

Karmiloff‐Smith

2017

J. Child Lang.

Self Cite

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In order to understand how language abilities emerge in typically and atypically developing infants and toddlers, it is important to embrace complexity in development. In this paper, we describe evidence that early language development is an experience-dependent process, shaped by diverse, interconnected, interdependent developmental mechanisms, processes, and abilities (e.g. statistical learning, sampling, functional specialization, visual attention, social interaction, motor ability). We also present evidence from our studies on neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g. Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Williams syndrome) that variations in these factors significantly contribute to language delay. Finally, we discuss how embracing complexity, which involves integrating data from different domains and levels of description across developmental time, may lead to a better understanding of language development and, critically, lead to more effective interventions for cases when language develops atypically.

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Audio-visual speech perception in infants and toddlers with Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and Williams syndrome

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

Early Visual Attention Abilities and Audiovisual Speech Processing in 5–7 Month-Old Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Infants

Early Visual Attention Abilities and Audiovisual Speech Processing in 5–7 Month-Old Down Syndrome and Typically Developing Infants

Development of rapid word–object associations in relation to expressive vocabulary: Shared commonalities in infants and toddlers with and without Williams syndrome

Precursors to language development in typically and atypically developing infants and toddlers: the importance of embracing complexity

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