Audiogenic kindling in the Wistar rat: a potential model for recruitment of limbic structures

Moraes, Márcio Flávio Dutra; Galvis-Alonso, Orfa Yineth; García-Cairasco, Norberto

doi:10.1016/s0920-1211(00)00107-8

Cited by 120 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is why the effects of electroshocks cannot be directly compared with those induced by pilocarpine or kainic acid injections (post- status epilepticus models). Electroshock-induced tonic or clonic seizures had different functional relationships between the two types of response, hypothetically having different anatomical substrates [27] that should be the subject of a detailed elemental analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental anomalies in the hippocampal formation after repetitive electrical stimulation: an X-ray fluorescence microscopy study

et al. 2014

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Our previous studies carried out on the pilocarpine model of seizures showed that highly resolved elemental analysis might be very helpful in the investigation of processes involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, such as excitotoxicity or mossy fiber sprouting. In this study, the changes in elemental composition that occurred in the hippocampal formation in the electrical kindling model of seizures were examined to determine the mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon of kindling and spontaneous seizure activity that may occur in this animal model. X-ray fluorescence microscopy was applied for topographic and quantitative analysis of selected elements in tissues taken from rats subjected to repetitive transauricular electroshocks (ES) and controls (N). The detailed comparisons were carried out for sectors 1 and 3 of the Ammon’s horn (CA1 and CA3, respectively), the dentate gyrus (DG) and hilus of DG. The obtained results showed only one statistically significant difference between ES and N groups, namely a higher level of Fe was noticed in CA3 region in the kindled animals. However, further analysis of correlations between the elemental levels and quantitative parameters describing electroshock-induced tonic and clonic seizures showed that the areal densities of some elements (Ca, Cu, Zn) strongly depended on the progress of kindling process. The areal density of Cu in CA1 decreased with the cumulative (totaled over 21 stimulation days) intensity and duration of electroshock-induced tonic seizures while Zn level in the hilus of DG was positively correlated with the duration and intensity of both tonic and clonic seizures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental anomalies in the hippocampal formation after repetitive electrical stimulation: an X-ray fluorescence microscopy study

et al. 2014

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“…The kindling protocol (auditory chronic stimulation) was the same as that used by Dutra Moraes and colleagues (). In this protocol, Wistar ( N = 10) and WARs ( N = 18) were placed in an acrylic, acoustically isolated, chamber (height: 32 cm, diameter: 30 cm), located inside a sound proof chamber (45 × 45 × 40 cm) where, after 1 min of acclimation, they were submitted to a 120 dB broadband noise stimulus with a maximum of 1 min duration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired central respiratory chemoreflex in an experimental genetic model of epilepsy

Totola

Takakura

Oliveira

et al. 2016

The Journal of Physiology

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Respiratory disorders may involve changes in serotonergic neurotransmission at the level of the chemosensitive neurons located in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN). Here, we investigated the central respiratory chemoreflex and the role of serotonergic neurotransmission in the RTN with a rat model of tonic-clonic seizures, the Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR). We found that naive or kindled WARs have reduced resting ventilation and ventilatory response to hypercapnia (7% CO ). The number of chemically coded (Phox2b /TH ) RTN neurons, as well as the serotonergic innervation to the RTN, was reduced in WARs. We detected that the ventilatory response to serotonin (1 mm, 50 nl) within the RTN region was significantly reduced in WARs. Our results uniquely demonstrated a respiratory impairment in a genetic model of tonic-clonic seizures, the WAR strain. More importantly, we demonstrated an overall decrease in the number of neurons located in the ventral respiratory column (VRC), as well as a reduction in serotonergic neurons in the midline medulla. This is an important step forward to demonstrate marked changes in neuronal activity and breathing impairment in the WAR strain, a genetic model of epilepsy.

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“…The audiogenic kindling protocol modifies the behavior and the EEG expression of audiogenic-induced seizures, recruiting limbic circuitries in audiogenic strains 113. In WARs, audiogenic kindling induces hippocampal neurogenesis,114 although mossy fiber sprouting and neurodegeneration were not found after more than 30 audiogenic seizures 114,115…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of epilepsy: use and limitations

Kandratavicius¹,

Balista²,

Lopes-Aguiar³

et al. 2014

NDT

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures that affects millions of people worldwide. Comprehension of the complex mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and seizure generation in temporal lobe epilepsy and other forms of epilepsy cannot be fully acquired in clinical studies with humans. As a result, the use of appropriate animal models is essential. Some of these models replicate the natural history of symptomatic focal epilepsy with an initial epileptogenic insult, which is followed by an apparent latent period and by a subsequent period of chronic spontaneous seizures. Seizures are a combination of electrical and behavioral events that are able to induce chemical, molecular, and anatomic alterations. In this review, we summarize the most frequently used models of chronic epilepsy and models of acute seizures induced by chemoconvulsants, traumatic brain injury, and electrical or sound stimuli. Genetic models of absence seizures and models of seizures and status epilepticus in the immature brain were also examined. Major uses and limitations were highlighted, and neuropathological, behavioral, and neurophysiological similarities and differences between the model and the human equivalent were considered. The quest for seizure mechanisms can provide insights into overall brain functions and consciousness, and animal models of epilepsy will continue to promote the progress of both epilepsy and neurophysiology research.

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Audiogenic kindling in the Wistar rat: a potential model for recruitment of limbic structures

Cited by 120 publications

References 21 publications

Elemental anomalies in the hippocampal formation after repetitive electrical stimulation: an X-ray fluorescence microscopy study

Elemental anomalies in the hippocampal formation after repetitive electrical stimulation: an X-ray fluorescence microscopy study

Impaired central respiratory chemoreflex in an experimental genetic model of epilepsy

Animal models of epilepsy: use and limitations

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