Audit of antibiotic therapy in surgical neonates in a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria

Osifo, OD; Aghahowa, SE

doi:10.4103/0189-6725.78664

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results were similar to the results reported by other researchers studying bacterial strains in Egypt [15,17] as well as from countries other than Egypt. Osifo, and Aghahowa from Nigeria reported that E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most frequently isolated pathogens [18]. However, others reported a higher level of E. coli than Klebsiella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria among intensive care units patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals in Egypt—a retrospective study

Fahim

2021

J. Egypt. Public. Health. Assoc.

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Background The nightmare of the rising numbers of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) requires the implementation of effective stewardship programs. However, this should be preceeded by making available evidence-based knowledge regarding the local antimicrobial resistance pattern, which is fundamental. The aim of the current study is to determine the prevalence of MDRO among different Ain Shams University Hospitals (ASUHs) intensive care units (ICUs) and detect the resistance profile of the common pathogens. Results The 1-year records of a total of 1280 pathogens were studied. The highest number of pathogens were isolated from blood cultures (44.84%), followed by urine (41.41%) then wound swabs (13.75%). Gram-negative isolates (57.5%) were more prevalent than gram-positive ones (31.1%). The most frequently isolated pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (22.5%), Escherichia coli (13.4%), and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (12.5%). The highest percentage of resistance among gram-positive organisms was exhibited by penicillin (89.5%) followed by erythromycin (83.98%) and then cefoxitin (76.52%). None of the isolates showed resistance to linezolid and resistance to vancomycin was minimal (2.62%). Gram-negative isolates exhibited high overall resistance to all used antibiotic classes. The least frequency of resistance was recorded against nitrofurantoin (52.5%), amikacin (58.01%), followed by imipenem (59.78%) and meropenem (61.82%). All isolates of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter showed 100% susceptibility to colistin. Conclusions The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Ain Shams University Hospitals (ASUHs) was high among both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. This high resistance pattern foreshadows an inevitable catastrophe that requires continuous monitoring and implementation of effective antibiotic stewardship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria among intensive care units patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals in Egypt—a retrospective study

Fahim

2021

J. Egypt. Public. Health. Assoc.

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“…Osifor et al, found SSI rate of 11.8% in neonatal surgical operation in Benin City [11]. Ojiyi et al, working in a tertiary hospital, in southeastern Nigeria found SSI rate of 11.0% among patients who had caesarean section [12].…”

Section: Introduction Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of premorbid status and wound related factors in surgical site infection in a tertiary hospital in sub-saharan Africa

Osakwe¹,

Nnaji²,

Osakwe³

et al. 2014

Fam Pract Rep

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Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the commonest hospital acquired infection in surgical patients globally. It has remained a major cause of morbidity and mortality and a major source of worry to both the patients, doctors, hospitals and the community as a whole. Aim: To determine the role of premorbid status, wound class and cadre of surgeons on the prevalence rate of surgical site infections. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 200 randomly recruited surgical patients between April and June 2012 at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. Pre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaires and laboratory test results were used to collect data, which were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 16. Results: The prevalence of surgical site infection was 15.5% (or 31 of 200) among the participants. Premorbid status, as well as, wound class, of the patients affected the rate of SSI (p=0.007) and (p=0.009), respectively. However, the wound location did not show any significant effect on the prevalence of SSI. Conclusion:The study found a high prevalence of SSI which was dependent on the class of wound, and premorbid status of the patient.

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“…WHO's report also supports this finding, concluding that the risk of SSI in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, is higher than that in high-resource settings who undergo similar procedures ( 18 , 19 ). A study from Benin city reported SSI rate of 11.8% in neonatal surgical operation ( 20 ). Similarly a study done in Nigeria showed SSI rate in children undergoing any surgical operation to be 23.6% ( 11 ), and abdominal SSI incidence in children was 22.9 % ( 13 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rate is comparable with a previous study in the same center on relaparotomy in pediatrics showing that seven out of 354(2%) developed complete wound dehiscence and accounted for the 13.2 % indication of relaparotomy ( 21 ). In the limited literature on this topic, reported incidence in developed countries ranges between 0.2–1.2 percent ( 14 ) whereas one report from Nigeria showed a complete fascial dehiscence prevalence of 2.1% ( 20 ). Age (Neonate), malnutrition and SSI were found to be a risk factors for wound dehiscence in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Outcome of Laparotomy Wounds in Pediatric Patients in TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Six-Months Prospective Study

Temesgen¹,

Gosaye²,

Starr³

et al. 2021

Ethiop J Health Sci

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BACKGROUND፡ Surgical Site Infection (SSI) and wound dehiscence are two early complications of laparotomy causing significant morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of SSI and wound dehiscence in pediatric surgical patients.METHODS: We performed a prospective observational study of all pediatric surgical patients who underwent laparotomy at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, from December 2017 to May 2018. Data collected included demographics, operative indication, nutritional status, prophylactic antibiotics administration, and duration of operation. Primary outcome was SSI; secondary outcomes were hospital stay and other postoperative complications, including wound dehiscence and mortality. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Version 23. Fisher’s exact and Chi-squared tests used to report outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with SSI, wound dehiscence and other outcomes.RESULTS: Of 114 patients, median age was 46 months [range: 1day-13years]; 77(67.5 %) were males. Overall SSI rate was 21.05%. Nine (7.9%) developed wound dehiscence while 3(2.6%) had abdominal contents evisceration. Overall mortality rate was 2.6%. In multivariate analysis, prophylactic antibiotics administration (AOR=13.05, (p=0.006)), duration of procedure (AOR=8.62, (p=0.012)) and wound class (AOR=16.63, (p=0.034)) were independent risk factors for SSI while SSI was an independent predictor of prolonged hospital stay, >1 week (AOR=4.7, p=.003,) and of wound dehiscence (AOR=33. 96,p=0.003). Age (p=0.004) and malnutrition (p<0.001) were significantly associated with wound dehiscence.CONCLUSION: SSI and wound dehiscence are common in this setting. Wound contamination, antibiotics administration >1 hour before surgery and operative time >2 hours are independent predictors of SSI.

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Audit of antibiotic therapy in surgical neonates in a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria

Abstract: Combinations of gentamicin/metronidazole/cefuroxime and gentamicin/cefuroxime were adequate for gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal neonatal operations, respectively, in these sub-Saharan African settings, which may be useful in similar regions.

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria among intensive care units patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals in Egypt—a retrospective study

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of multidrug-resistant bacteria among intensive care units patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals in Egypt—a retrospective study

Role of premorbid status and wound related factors in surgical site infection in a tertiary hospital in sub-saharan Africa

Early Outcome of Laparotomy Wounds in Pediatric Patients in TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Six-Months Prospective Study

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