“…This study adopts accrual-earnings management (ABS_DA) (Yu and Huang, 2022; Rosati et al , 2022; Hendijani Zadeh, 2022; Cheng et al , 2021; Huang et al , 2016; Gul et al , 2013; Francis and Yu, 2009; Sun et al , 2020) and small profits (SP) (Yu and Huang, 2022; Rosati et al , 2022; Hendijani Zadeh, 2022; Cheng et al , 2021; Gul et al , 2013; Francis and Yu, 2009) as proxies for audit quality. We include SIZE, LEV, AR, CHAN_ROA, TA, SALES_GROWTH, BIG4, OWN_CON, M_A, MAGT_OWN and PER_IND as control variables (DeFond and Zhang, 2014; Legoria et al , 2013; Reichelt and Wang, 2010; Huang, 2021; Gul et al , 2013; Sun et al , 2020; Chen et al , 2010; Rajgopal et al , 2021).…”