Auditing street walkability and associated social inequalities for planning implications

Su, Shiliang; Zhou, Huaibei; Xu, Mengya; Ru, Hu; Wang, Wen; Wang, Min

doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.11.003

Cited by 123 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Third, the study found some certain significant effects of demographics on the perceptions and preferences of self-reported stressed people, but these were not discussed in detail in this study. Moreover, self-reported stressed respondents with different social characteristics tended to conduct different activities in the green spaces at different times [58,59,60]. Therefore, in order to identify the best restorative environment for human stress relief in China, further investigations within different contexts, combined with more sociodemographic and spatiotemporal characteristics of self-reported stressed participants, should be examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Characteristics of Urban Green Spaces and Recreational Activities Do Self-Reported Stressed Individuals Like? A Case Study of Baoji, China

Gao

Song

Zhu

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Several studies have revealed the positive effects of green space and certain activities on counteracting the physical and mental pressure felt by human beings. However, how self-reported stressed people perceive restorative green spaces, their preferences for specific characteristics and activities, and what characteristics of urban green space can induce various types of activities for stress recovery has not been fully examined in the high-density cities of China. Using an on-site questionnaire survey conducted in the People’s Park (PP) in Baoji, China, this study is the first to consider the relationship among eight sensory dimensions, activity types and stress recovery in Chinese green space. Results showed that the highest-stressed respondents were more likely to spend their time in multi-layered woodlands adjacent to water, with more experiences of serene but less about prospect. They preferred serene dimension more, while the culture and social dimensions were least preferred. Sports and leisure activities and quiet activities were the most popular among highest-stressed respondents, which were positively related to the serene and nature dimensions, respectively. Results suggested that the most restorative environment for stress recovery can be regarded as multi-layered woodlands adjacent to water with more serene and nature, less prospect and few or no culture and social dimensions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Characteristics of Urban Green Spaces and Recreational Activities Do Self-Reported Stressed Individuals Like? A Case Study of Baoji, China

Gao

Song

Zhu

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…In China, high population density has made both public transport (e.g. overcrowded buses) and sidewalks inconvenient for middle-aged and older adults [27,45,46]. Thus, these individuals are more likely to drive a car and engage in less exercise in the form of walking, than those who live in less crowded areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the links between population density, lifestyle, and being overweight: secondary data analyses of middle-aged and older Chinese adults

Wang

Feng

Xue

et al. 2019

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity across all age groups has become a major health concern in China. Previous studies have found strong links between population density, sedentary lifestyle, and the risk of being overweight among adults and adolescents in Western countries. However, little research has been conducted to disentangle this relationship in China, which is rapidly urbanizing and densely populated. Compared to other age groups, middle-aged and older adults tend to have a higher risk of being overweight, which increases their risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, and other weight-related chronic diseases. In addition, they are especially sensitive to neighbourhood environmental factors such as population density. Therefore, we aimed to unravel the link between population density and the risk of being overweight among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, with a particular focus on the mediating role of lifestyle choices. Methods: Data from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were analysed. Individuals (N = 5285) were sampled from 405 neighbourhoods nested within 150 cities. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated based on self-reported body weight and height (being overweight was defined as a BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2). Multilevel regression and mediation analyses were applied to explore associations between population density, a sedentary lifestyle, and the risk of being overweight. Results: Middle-aged and older adults who lived in densely populated neighbourhoods had higher odds of being overweight. Further, this link was mediated by residents' mode of travel and physical exercise; specifically, these residents had higher odds of owning a car and spending lesser time on weekly physical exercise, thereby increasing their risk of being overweight. Furthermore, the association between car ownership and the odds of being overweight varied by neighbourhood population density. Conclusions: There was a positive association between neighbourhood population density and middle-aged and older adults' risk of being overweight. This relationship may exist because people who live in densely populated neighbourhoods tend to lead a sedentary lifestyle. Our findings also suggest that, in rapidly urbanizing countries, a sedentary lifestyle may be especially harmful to middle-aged and older adults who live in densely populated neighbourhoods.

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“…Last, the neighbourhood environment indicators in this study is from questionnaire. Future research should use more other source of data such as location-based big data [51–53]. Nevertheless, as one of the first Chinese studies to focus on environment–mental health associations, the present results contribute to the literature by providing novel, statistically sound, and robust empirical evidence for how broad environmental factors impact mental health outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Depressive symptoms among Chinese residents: how are the natural, built, and social environments correlated?

et al. 2019

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Background: Depression has become a severe societal problem in China. Although many studies have analyzed how environmental characteristics within neighborhoods affect depression, only a few have dealt with developing countries, and even fewer have considered built, natural, and social environments concurrently. Methods: Based on a sample of 20,533 Chinese residents assessed in 2016, the present study examined associations between depressive symptoms and respondents' built, natural, and social environments. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and multilevel regression models were fitted accounting for potential covariates. Results: Results indicated that living in neighborhoods with more green spaces and a higher population density were negatively associated with CES-D scores. Living in neighborhoods with more social capital was protective against depression. Furthermore, results showed that the social environment moderated the association between the built environment and depression. Conclusions: Social environments moderate the relationship between the built environment and depression. As environments seem to interact with each other, we advise against relying on a single environment when examining associations with depressive symptoms.

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Auditing street walkability and associated social inequalities for planning implications

Cited by 123 publications

References 85 publications

What Characteristics of Urban Green Spaces and Recreational Activities Do Self-Reported Stressed Individuals Like? A Case Study of Baoji, China

What Characteristics of Urban Green Spaces and Recreational Activities Do Self-Reported Stressed Individuals Like? A Case Study of Baoji, China

Exploring the links between population density, lifestyle, and being overweight: secondary data analyses of middle-aged and older Chinese adults

Depressive symptoms among Chinese residents: how are the natural, built, and social environments correlated?

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