“…Time budgets and billable hours are the focus areas commonly employed in professional service firms, in which a focus on time inputs and on the efficient use of time appears to be essential to management control (Cooper et al ., ; Anderson‐Gough et al ., ; Gendron & Spira, ; Lewis & Brown, ). Given the importance of time as the primary cost driver, previous research has focused on how, why and with what consequences this cost driver is managed within audit engagements (Alderman & Deitrick, ; Kelley & Margheim, ; Otley & Pierce, ; Coram et al ., ; Pierce & Sweeney, ; Lopez & Peters, ; Beekes et al ., ; Svanström, ). This body of research has identified that audit firms use time budgets, measure engagement profitability (whether fees cover costs), and emphasize the importance of time deadlines.…”