Auditory and visual hallucinations in university students

Feelgood, Steven; Rantzen, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)90034-5

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…False perceptions were predicted by positive schizotypy (unusual experiences) in three different student samples (Experiments 1-3). The present result findings replicate and extend evidence from studies that have employed auditory stimuli (Bentall & Slade, 1985;Rankin & O' Carroll, 1995), as well as in other paradigms that employed abstract visual stimuli (Feelgood & Rantzen, 1994;Jakes & Hemsley, 1986). The obtained results also concur with similar findings from different word detection paradigms (Tsakanikos, 2006;Tsakanikos & Reed, 2005a;2005b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Seeing non-existent events: Effects of environmental conditions, schizotypal symptoms, and sub-clinical characteristics

Reed¹,

Wakefield²,

Harris³

et al. 2008

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Seeing non-existent events: Effects of environmental conditions, schizotypal symptoms, and sub-clinical characteristics

Reed¹,

Wakefield²,

Harris³

et al. 2008

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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“…These findings replicate and extend evidence from studies that employed auditory stimuli (Bentall & Slade, 1985;Rankin & O'Carroll, 1995). Similar results have been obtained in a variant of the present paradigm (Tsakanikos & Reed, 2005a, 2005b, as well as in other paradigms that employed abstract visual stimuli (Feelgood & Rantzen, 1994;Jakes & Hemsley, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Such a bias has been also observed in healthy undergraduate students who score highly on psychometric measures of predisposition to hallucinations (Bentall & Slade, 1985;Feelgood & Rantzen, 1994;Jakes & Hemsley, 1986;Rankin & O' Carroll, 1995) and measures of positive schizotypy (Tsakanikos & Reed, 2005a;Tsakanikos & Reed, 2005b), although the cognitive mechanisms underlying this effect are little understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Perceptual biases and positive schizotypy: The role of perceptual load

Tsakanikos

2006

Personality and Individual Differences

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The study investigated the effects of perceptual load on the bias to report seeing non-existing events-a bias associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia and positive schizotypal symptoms. Undergraduate students completed psychometric measures of schizotypy and were asked to detect fast moving words among non-words under different levels of perceptual load. Perceptual load was manipulated through stimulus motion. Overall, the results showed that the higher the perceptual load, the stronger the bias to report seeing words in non-word trials. However, the observed bias was associated with positive schizotypy (Unusual Experiences) only when visual detection was performed under conditions of medium perceptual load. No schizotypy measure was associated with accuracy. The results suggest that, although some amount of perceptual ambiguity seems to be necessary for schizotypal bias generation, an increase in the perceptual load can inhibit this process possibly by preventing perception of task-irrelevant internal events, such as loose word associations.

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“…Participants scoring highly in unusual experiences reported more false perceptions than those scoring lower in unusual experiences, but there were no differences in the numbers of words correctly recognized. These data replicate previous findings (Cella et al, 2007;Reed et al, 2008;Tsakanikos & Reed, 2005a, 2005b, and provide further support for the idea that hallucinations can be studied in nonclinical populations in laboratory settings (Feelgood & Rantzen, 1994). Moreover, the data suggest that the impact of high unusual experiences on false perceptions was reduced after a brief mindfulness induction session (Bach & Hayes, 2002;Erisman, 2010;Gaudino & Herbert, 2006), but not after an unfocused attention induction (see Arch & Craske, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Mindfulness training and false perception in individuals with high unusual experiences

Reed

Carey

Evans

et al. 2016

Personality and Individual Differences

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The present study explored the impact of mindfulness training on the relationship between false perceptions (hallucinations) and high levels of unusual experiences. 130 participants completed the O-LIFE(B) scale and a visual-detection task in which they had to identify fast-moving words in a visual display. Each participant completed a version of the visual-detection task twice, once after a 10 min mindfulness induction session, and once after a 10 min unfocused attention control session. Participants scoring high on the unusual experiences subscale of the O-LIFE reported seeing more words that were not there than those scoring low on this scale. However, this difference between high and low unusual experience scorers was not pronounced or statistically significant in the mindfulness condition. These data suggest that mindfulness can reduce the number of hallucination-like experiences in individuals with high levels of self-reported schizotypy.

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Auditory and visual hallucinations in university students

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Seeing non-existent events: Effects of environmental conditions, schizotypal symptoms, and sub-clinical characteristics

Seeing non-existent events: Effects of environmental conditions, schizotypal symptoms, and sub-clinical characteristics

Perceptual biases and positive schizotypy: The role of perceptual load

Mindfulness training and false perception in individuals with high unusual experiences

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