Auditory and Visual Processing in Children With Dyslexia

Wright, Craig; Conlon, Elizabeth Gwendolyne

doi:10.1080/87565640902801882

Cited by 47 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Pb exposure is also associated with deficits in central auditory temporal processing (Finkelstein et al, 1998; Lurie et al, 2006; Jones et al, 2008). Of significance to the current study, children with either dyslexia or ADHD have also been shown to have deficits in auditory temporal processing (Breier et al, 2003; Facoetti et al, 2003; Putter-Katz et al, 2005; Wright and Conlon, 2009; Jafari et al, 2015). …”

Section: 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Pb exposure prolongs the time period for postnatal transient uptake of 5-HT by murine LSO neurons

et al. 2016

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Pb exposure is associated with cognitive deficits including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and alters auditory temporal processing in humans and animals. Serotonin has been implicated in auditory temporal processing and previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that developmental Pb decreases expression of serotonin (5-HT) in the adult murine lateral superior olive (LSO). During development, certain non-serotonergic sensory neurons, including auditory LSO neurons, transiently take up 5-HT through the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT). The uptake of 5-HT is important for development of sensory systems. This study examines the effect of Pb on the serotonergic system in the LSO of the early postnatal mouse. Mice were exposed to moderate Pb (0.01mM) or high Pb (0.1mM) throughout gestation and postnatal day 4 (P4) and P8. We found that Pb exposure prolongs the normal developmental expression of 5-HT by LSO neurons and this is correlated with expression of SERT on LSO cell bodies. The prolonged expression of 5-HT by postnatal LSO neurons is correlated with decreased synaptic immunolabeling within the LSO. This Pb-associated decrease in synaptic density within the LSO could contribute to the auditory temporal processing deficits and cognitive deficits associated with developmental Pb exposure.

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Section: 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Pb exposure prolongs the time period for postnatal transient uptake of 5-HT by murine LSO neurons

et al. 2016

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“…Pre-reading children at familial risk for DD exhibited the disability in detecting CM, suggesting deficits in M pathway occur before reading commencement (Kevan and Pammer, 2008). The deficient CM detection was persistent and not affected by stimulus duration, dot density or practice (Talcott et al, 2000a; Conlon et al, 2009; Wright and Conlon, 2009). Slaghuis and Ryan (2006) found CM sensitivity in mixed subgroup of dyslexics was significantly lower than that in normal group, but CM sensitivity in surface and phonological DDs was not different from that in normal readers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The visual magnocellular deficit in Chinese-speaking children with developmental dyslexia

Qian

2014

Front. Psychol.

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Many alphabetic studies have evidenced that individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD) have deficits in visual magnocellular (M) pathway. However, there are few studies to investigate the M function of Chinese DD. Chinese is a logographic language, and Chinese characters are complicated in structure. Visual skills and orthographic processing abilities are particularly important for efficient reading in Chinese as compared to alphabetic languages. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the visual M function of Chinese DD and whether the M function was associated with orthographic skills. In the present study, 26 dyslexic children (mean age: 10.03 years) and 27 age-matched normal children (mean age: 10.37 years) took part in a coherent motion (CM) detection task and an orthographic awareness test. The results showed that dyslexic children had a significantly higher threshold than age-matched children in CM detection task. Meanwhile, children with DD responded more slowly in orthographic awareness test, although the group difference was marginally significant. The results suggested that Chinese dyslexics had deficits both in visual M pathway processing and orthographic processing. In order to investigate the relationship between M function and orthographic skills, we made a correlation analysis between CM threshold and orthographic awareness by merging performance of dyslexic children and age-matched children. The results revealed that CM thresholds were positively correlated with reaction times in orthographic awareness test, suggesting that better M function was related to better orthographic processing skills.

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“…However, the theoretical relationship between these centers is still underexplored (Hruby et al, 2011). A more substantiated finding is that current neurological theories of reading disorders have been unable to explain that about 30% of children with reading difficulties do not respond to reading interventions that are based solely on language processing (Laycock & Crewther, 2008;Ramus, 2003;Wolf & Bowers, 1999;Wright & Conlon, 2009). …”

Section: Neuroscience Education and Psychology Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 95%

An Occupation and Participation Approach to Reading Intervention (OPARI) part I: Defining reading as an occupation

Grajo

Candler

2016

Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervent

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This is the first of two papers that explore a role that occupational therapy can play in supporting children with reading challenges. Part I presents the grounding framework for an occupation and participation approach to reading intervention (OPARI) and serves to introduce the clinical application of the approach presented in Part II. In this paper, reading is defined as an occupation in daily life. Different perspectives in occupational therapy, education, cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience were examined to support a holistic, participation approach to reading. The Occupational Adaptation model (Schkade & Schultz, 2003) is proposed as a guiding framework to describe the assumptions and premises of the OPARI. Lastly, the five essential components of the OPARI are identified as a basis for how the OPARI may be applied in clinical practice. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Auditory and Visual Processing in Children With Dyslexia

Cited by 47 publications

References 101 publications

Pb exposure prolongs the time period for postnatal transient uptake of 5-HT by murine LSO neurons

Pb exposure prolongs the time period for postnatal transient uptake of 5-HT by murine LSO neurons

The visual magnocellular deficit in Chinese-speaking children with developmental dyslexia

An Occupation and Participation Approach to Reading Intervention (OPARI) part I: Defining reading as an occupation

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