Auditory efferents involved in speech-in-noise intelligibility

Giraud, Anne Lise; Garnier, Stéphane; Micheyl, Christophe; Lina, Gérard; Chays, A.; Chéry‐Croze, Sylviane

doi:10.1097/00001756-199705060-00042

Cited by 199 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Thus, small losses, which would not necessarily move a person's threshold into the levels regarded as impaired, may influence the capacity of the cochlea to resolve masked signals. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that there is neural modulation of the cochlea to improve the detectability of signals in noise (37). The idea that one cause of poorer normal hearing is damage to cochlear structures that mediate this process is supported by our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Variation in the Normal Hearing Threshold Predicts Childhood IQ, Linguistic, and Behavioral Outcomes

Welch

Dawes

2007

Pediatr Res

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Childhood hearing level varies considerably within the range considered normal. Four classes of outcome were investigated for associations with hearing thresholds in this range: ability to identify speech in noise, neurocognitive ability, linguistic ability, and behavior. The research was conducted in a general population cohort of 711 children with mean hearing threshold of 15 dB HL or better. Some outcomes: speech in noise, intelligence, and certain linguistic abilities, were predicted in both boys and girls; effects were stronger in girls. In girls only, poorer hearing predicted worse behavior. These effects remained after statistical control for childhood socioeconomic status and otitis media. Variability in normal hearing, due to causes other than otitis media, is associated with the listening, language, and neurocognitive abilities of children, and the behavior of girls. We suggest that these effects may be present for three reasons, cochlear insults, neurodevelopmental factors, and psychological factors. We discuss how these may interact to produce the effects observed. T he conventional cut-off for normal-range hearing in children is 15 dB HL (1); which includes 97% (711/734) of the general population sample assessed here. This includes a wide range of actual hearing abilities, and how it relates to psychosocial consequences in humans is unclear (2). Hitherto, research has concentrated on effects in people with relatively large hearing losses, with little attention paid to the effects of variability within the normal range. We investigated four areas for which we hypothesized effects of hearing level in normally hearing children. Identification of signals in noise.A relation between puretone detection and identification of signals in noise has been demonstrated in minimally hearing-impaired children (3). Variation in normal hearing may be due to vulnerable structures involved in the cochlear active process (4). Children with poorer normal hearing may be less able to identify signals in noise due to slight deterioration in these systems.Neurocognitive ability. Assessment of hearing threshold measures performance on a psychoacoustical task in which general neurocognitive ability might play a part, so variation in threshold might be related to IQ. Furthermore, a body of research has related sensory processing, in terms of inspection time, with IQ (5-7). Thus, there may be a relation between hearing and IQ.Linguistic ability. Children with minimal hearing impairment perform less well on tests of educational performance, particularly in areas related to language (8). Furthermore, those with poor linguistic abilities perform less well on tests of acoustic frequency and temporal resolution (9,10). These findings are with stimuli requiring a high degree of processing (11), however, simple detectability may contribute to the effects shown.Behavior. Little research has investigated behavioral concomitants of variation in hearing in children. In deaf people, there may be effects with depression and interp...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Variation in the Normal Hearing Threshold Predicts Childhood IQ, Linguistic, and Behavioral Outcomes

Welch

Dawes

2007

Pediatr Res

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“…r SN ðtÞ = jr lin ðtÞ − V th j; [2] where Sðt; f Þ is the spectrogram of the stimuli, and the parameter V th indicates the spiking threshold for each neuron, fitted to the data to maximize the correlation value of the neuron's predicted response. In addition to a classic STRF, consisting of a linear filter followed by a static nonlinearity (10) (r SN in Eq.…”

Section: Reduced Distortions In Stimuli Reconstructed From the A1 Popmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although substantial effort is required to perceive speech in extremely noisy conditions, accurate perception in moderately noisy and reverberant environments is relatively effortless (1), presumably because of the presence of general filtering mechanisms in the auditory pathway (2). These mechanisms likely influence the representation and perception of both speech and other natural sounds with similarly rich spectrotemporal structure, such as species-specific vocalizations (3)(4)(5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of noise robust representation of speech in primary auditory cortex

Mesgarani

David

Fritz

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

126

155

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Humans and animals can reliably perceive behaviorally relevant sounds in noisy and reverberant environments, yet the neural mechanisms behind this phenomenon are largely unknown. To understand how neural circuits represent degraded auditory stimuli with additive and reverberant distortions, we compared single-neuron responses in ferret primary auditory cortex to speech and vocalizations in four conditions: clean, additive white and pink (1/f) noise, and reverberation. Despite substantial distortion, responses of neurons to the vocalization signal remained stable, maintaining the same statistical distribution in all conditions. Stimulus spectrograms reconstructed from population responses to the distorted stimuli resembled more the original clean than the distorted signals. To explore mechanisms contributing to this robustness, we simulated neural responses using several spectrotemporal receptive field models that incorporated either a static nonlinearity or subtractive synaptic depression and multiplicative gain normalization. The static model failed to suppress the distortions. A dynamic model incorporating feedforward synaptic depression could account for the reduction of additive noise, but only the combined model with feedback gain normalization was able to predict the effects across both additive and reverberant conditions. Thus, both mechanisms can contribute to the abilities of humans and animals to extract relevant sounds in diverse noisy environments.hearing | cortical | population code | phonemes V ocal communication in the real world often takes place in complex, noisy acoustic environments. Although substantial effort is required to perceive speech in extremely noisy conditions, accurate perception in moderately noisy and reverberant environments is relatively effortless (1), presumably because of the presence of general filtering mechanisms in the auditory pathway (2). These mechanisms likely influence the representation and perception of both speech and other natural sounds with similarly rich spectrotemporal structure, such as species-specific vocalizations (3-5). Despite the central role this robustness must play in animal and human hearing, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms and whether the brain maintains invariant representations of these stimuli across variable soundscapes causing acoustic distortions of the original signals.Several theoretical and experimental studies have postulated that the distribution of linear spectrotemporal tuning of neurons found in the auditory pathway could support enhanced representation of temporal and spectral modulations matched to those prevalent in natural stimuli (6, 7). Others have attributed this effect to nonlinear response properties of neurons (8) and adaptation with various timescales (9). In this study, we tested the noise robustness of auditory cortical neurons by recording responses in ferret primary auditory cortex (A1) to natural vocalizations that were distorted by additive white and pink (1/f) noise or by convolutive reverber...

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“…Eferent auditory system activity, in terms of the medial olivocochlear system, has been implicated in the perception of speech in noise, in both children [35] and adults [36]. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate whether this system also plays a role in a training-induced improvement of speech perception in noise.…”

Section: Speech Discrimination In Noise X Familiar Speechmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Otoacoustic Emissions Evoked by White Noise and Speech Stimuli

Andrade¹,

Peixoto²,

Carnaúba³

et al. 2017

Advances in Clinical Audiology

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Introduction: Suppressing otoacoustic emissions is one of the objectives, noninvasive methods that can be used to assess the eferent auditory system. When the ascending reticular activating system is stimulated, the cortex becomes more alert. The system reacts beter to an important stimulus than an unimportant one.Objective: Assess the efect of suppressing otoacoustic emissions by transitory stimulus in the presence of diferent auditory stimuli in normal listeners. Methods:This cross-sectional, observational analytical study. The sample was composed of eight participants. The following procedures were adopted: recording otoacoustic emissions, suppression with white noise, suppression with white noise and pure tone, auditory training, new recording of suppression with white noise and pure tone, suppression using a speech patern, suppression using a reversed speech patern, suppression using familiar speech, and suppression using reversed familiar speech and suppression singing "happy birthday" in a familiar voice.Results: There was a signiicant diference between the otoacoustic emission values, mainly at frequencies of 1000 and 1500 Hz. Conclusion:Individuals submited to the efects of suppression exhibit more efective results at frequencies of 1000 and 1500 Hz. Furthermore, it was found that the eferent activity of the auditory system is more eicient when it involves the use of the speech spectrum.

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Auditory efferents involved in speech-in-noise intelligibility

Cited by 199 publications

References 17 publications

Variation in the Normal Hearing Threshold Predicts Childhood IQ, Linguistic, and Behavioral Outcomes

Variation in the Normal Hearing Threshold Predicts Childhood IQ, Linguistic, and Behavioral Outcomes

Mechanisms of noise robust representation of speech in primary auditory cortex

Suppression of Otoacoustic Emissions Evoked by White Noise and Speech Stimuli

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