Auditory feedback is necessary for the maintenance of stereotyped song in adult zebra finches

Nordeen, Kathy W.; Nordeen, Ernest J.

doi:10.1016/0163-1047(92)90757-u

Cited by 364 publications

(307 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our results extend the finding of variability regulation from syllable structure to syllable sequencing and suggest that plasticity of syllable sequencing could also be heightened during UD song. Furthermore, our results are consistent with the possibility that species differences in the intrinsic variability of syllable sequencing are correlated with differences in the plasticity of syllable sequencing in adult song; syllable sequencing in adult Bengalese finch song is more variable than in zebra finch song, and adult Bengalese finches demonstrate more rapid plasticity of sequencing following manipulations of auditory feedback than adult zebra finches (Brainard and Doupe 2001;Nordeen and Nordeen 1992;Okanoya and Yamaguchi 1997;Sakata and Brainard 2006;Scott et al 2000;Woolley and Rubel 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Social Modulation of Sequence and Syllable Variability in Adult Birdsong

Sakata¹,

Hampton²,

Brainard³

2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

100

161

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Social Modulation of Sequence and Syllable Variability in Adult Birdsong

Sakata¹,

Hampton²,

Brainard³

2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

100

161

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“…This conclusion is also supported by the previous deafening and syringeal denervation results, which have been obtained from zebra finches as well (Price, 1979;Simpson and Vicario, 1990;Nordeen and Nordeen, 1992). Electrical stimulation of RA probably perturbed motor performance more pervasively than syringeal denervation because the neural control signals from RA are distributed to multiple effector systems involved in singing (Vicario, 199 1;Wild, 1993Wild, , 1994.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Identification of a forebrain motor programming network for the learned song of zebra finches

1994

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The stereotyped delivery of sequences of vocalizations by singing zebra finches is thought to be mediated by a “central motor program.” We hypothesized that electrically stimulating, and thus perturbing, the neural components of this motor program during singing should alter the subsequent singing pattern. In contrast, perturbing the activity of other neurons in the song motor pathway that do not participate directly in generating the song temporal pattern should not affect the singing pattern. We found that unilaterally stimulating the forebrain area RA of singing birds with chronically implanted electrodes distorted ongoing syllables without changing the order or timing of ensuing syllables. However, stimulating forebrain area HVc, which projects directly to RA, altered both ongoing syllables and the ensuing song pattern. These findings indicate that syllable sequencing during singing is organized in forebrain areas above RA (including HVc) and that the resulting pattern is imposed on lower structures of the motor pathway. Furthermore, the observation that unilateral forebrain perturbation was sufficient to alter the pattern of this bilaterally organized behavior suggests that (non-auditory) feedback pathways to the forebrain exist to coordinate the two hemispheres during singing. We suggest that the study of the motor control system for birdsong has provided the most direct evidence to date for localizing the programming of a skilled motor sequence to the telencephalon.

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“…For a more complete description of the central motor pathway to the syrinx and for information on other parts of the song control system, see recent reviews by Wild (1997) and by Brenowitz & Kroodsma (1996). The relatively stereotyped nature of most adult birdsong and the ability of many adult birds to continue singing apparently normal song after being deafened in adulthood, suggest that song is produced by a central motor programme (Konishi 1965(Konishi , 1985; but see Nordeen & Nordeen 1992). The manner in which song is perturbed by electrical stimulation of various song control nuclei led Vu et al (1994) to believe that the motor programmes are located in the telencephalon.…”

Section: The Vocal Organ (A) Structure and Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensory feedback must play an important role in coordinating movements within and between the major song motor systems at least during song learning and perhaps also during adulthood. Auditory feedback is known to have an essential role in song learning, but its importance in the maintenance of adult song is less clear (Konishi 1965;Nordeen & Nordeen 1992). Very little is known about the role of feedback through other nonauditory or somatosensory modalities in either juvenile or adult songbirds (Bottjer & Arnold 1982, 1984.…”

Section: Sensory Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By late plastic song, there is selective attrition of song elements, which are dropped from the repertoire, and sounds are stereotyped, reproducible and recognizable as components of adult song. Crystallization is demarcated by a relatively abrupt decrease in immediate dependence upon auditory feedback for executing a stable song motor pattern (Konishi 1965;Nordeen & Nordeen 1992).…”

Section: Sensory Feedbackmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neuromuscular control of birdsong

Suthers

Goller

Pytte

1999

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

186

154

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Birdsong requires complex learned motor skills involving the coordination of respiratory, vocal organ and craniomandibular muscle groups. Recent studies have added to our understanding of how these vocal subsystems function and interact during song production. The respiratory rhythm determines the temporal pattern of song. Sound is produced during expiration and each syllable is typically followed by a small inspiration, except at the highest syllable repetition rates when a pattern of pulsatile expiration is used. Both expiration and inspiration are active processes. The oscine vocal organ, the syrinx, contains two separate sound sources at the cranial end of each bronchus, each with independent motor control. Dorsal syringeal muscles regulate the timing of phonation by adducting the sound-generating labia into the air stream. Ventral syringeal muscles have an important role in determining the fundamental frequency of the sound. Di¡erent species use the two sides of their vocal organ in di¡erent ways to achieve the particular acoustic properties of their song. Reversible paralysis of the vocal organ during song learning in young birds reveals that motor practice is particularly important in late plastic song around the time of song crystallization in order for normal adult song to develop. Even in adult crystallized song, expiratory muscles use sensory feedback to make compensatory adjustments to perturbations of respiratory pressure. The stereotyped beak movements that accompany song appear to have a role in suppressing harmonics, particularly at low frequencies.

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Auditory feedback is necessary for the maintenance of stereotyped song in adult zebra finches

Cited by 364 publications

References 30 publications

Social Modulation of Sequence and Syllable Variability in Adult Birdsong

Social Modulation of Sequence and Syllable Variability in Adult Birdsong

Identification of a forebrain motor programming network for the learned song of zebra finches

The neuromuscular control of birdsong

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