Auditory hallucinations, not necessarily a hallmark of psychotic disorder

Waters, Flavie; Blom, Jan Dirk; Jardri, Renaud; Hugdahl, Kenneth; Sommer, Iris

doi:10.1017/s0033291717002203

Cited by 69 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We report that AH and VH present in a significant proportion of PD and DLB cases, with both forms of hallucination being more prevalent in DLB. We found that VH have a higher prevalence than AH in both conditions, both occurring at rates much higher than those found in the general population (Ohayon, 2000; Waters et al, 2018). Of note were the wide variety of methods used to determine the presence of hallucinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Auditory and visual hallucination prevalence in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Eversfield¹,

Orton²

2018

Preprint

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Background: Non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) contribute significantly to disease burden yet are less well understood than motor features. Auditory hallucinations (AH) are commonly associated with psychotic disorders, yet their contribution to PD and DLB is not well understood.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and random-effects model meta-analyses of studies reporting AH associated with PD or DLB. Prevalence of visual hallucinations (VH) in identified studies meeting eligibility criteria were included in meta-analyses, facilitating comparison with AH. Synthesis of qualitative descriptions of AH was performed. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for primary journal articles, written in English, published from 1970 to 2017. Studies reporting AH prevalence in PD or DLB were screened using PRISMA methods. Results: Searches identified 4,542 unique studies for consideration, of which, 26 met inclusion criteria. AH pooled prevalence in PD was estimated to be 8.9% (95% CI=5.3-14.5), while in DLB was estimated to be 30.8% (±23.4-39.3). VH were more common, with an estimated pooled prevalence in PD of 28.2% (±19.1-39.5), while in DLB they were estimated to be 61.8% (±49.1-73.0). Meta-regression determined that the use of validated methodologies to identify hallucinations produced higher prevalence estimates.Conclusions: AH and VH present in a substantial proportion of PD and DLB cases, with VH reported more frequently in both conditions. Both AH and VH are more prevalent in DLB than PD. There is a need for standardised use of validated methods to detect and monitor hallucinations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Auditory and visual hallucination prevalence in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Eversfield¹,

Orton²

2018

Preprint

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“…Cependant, les hallucinations ne sont pas l'apanage de la schizophrénie, elles sont au contraire rencontrées dans bien d'autres pathologies (Parkinson, Alzheimer, épilepsie) voire de façon isolée (47).…”

Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O Funclassified

Conséquences psychopathologiques du confinement

Mengin

Allé

Rolling³

et al. 2020

L'Encéphale

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175

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Les effets psychologiques de l'isolement ont déjà été décrits dans la littérature (expéditions polaires, sous-marins, prison). Néanmoins l'échelle du confinement mis en oeuvre à l'occasion de la pandémie à COVID-19 est inédite. Il nous faut non seulement relire les études publiées, mais aussi anticiper les problèmes psychologiques qui pourraient survenir pendant ou à distance du confinement. Nous avons fait le choix d'aller au-delà de la littérature COVID-19 pour examiner les implications des conséquences connues du confinement : l'ennui, l'isolement social, le stress, le manque de sommeil. L'anxiété, le trouble de stress post-traumatique, la dépression et les conduites suicidaires, les conduites addictives, les violences domestiques sont des effets décrits du confinement, mais les mécanismes d'émergence de ces troubles et leurs interrelations restent à étudier. Par exemple, quels sont les mécanismes d'émergence du trouble de post-traumatique dans le cadre du confinement ? Nous rappelons aussi les points de vigilance à garder sur des conséquences telles que les troubles des conduites alimentaires, les hallucinations, curieusement ignorées dans la littérature sur le confinement, alors qu'une vaste littérature fait le lien entre isolement social et hallucinations. Du fait de conséquences psychopathologiques larges, il nous faut partir à la recherche des différents symptômes pour permettre leur prise en charge. Nous résumons rapidement les approches diagnostiques et thérapeutiques déjà mises en place, comme la télémédecine, qui connaît un développement rapide à l'occasion de la crise du COVID-19. AbstractThe psychological effects of isolation have already been described in the literature (polar expeditions, submarines, prison). Nevertheless, the scale of confinement implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. In addition to reviewing the published studies, we need to anticipate the psychological problems that could arise during or at a distance from confinement. We have gone beyond the COVID-19 literature in order to examine the implications of the known consequences of confinement, like boredom, social isolation, stress, or sleep deprivation. Anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, suicidal or addictive behaviours, domestic violence are described effects of confinement, but the mechanisms of emergence of these disorders and their interrelationships remain to be studied. For example, what are the mechanisms of emergence of post-traumatic stress disorders in the context of confinement? We also remind the reader of points of vigilance to be kept in mind with regard to eating disorders and hallucinations. Hallucinations are curiously ignored in the literature on confinement, whereas a vast literature links social isolation and hallucinations. As with domestic violence, we need to look for these symptoms in order to enable management. Due to the broad psychopathological consequences, we have to look for these various symptoms to manage them. We quickly summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic...

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“…Some mental experiences, however, can occur on a continuum ranging from subthreshold levels in the general population to acute symptoms in clinical groups, and this observation has led to the exploration of symptom dimensions. In particular, the psychosis continuum theory (Johns and Van Os, 2001 ) suggests that the positive symptoms of psychosis (i.e., hallucinations and delusions) can exist at attenuated levels in the general population without being associated with distress or a loss of contact with reality that might warrant a need for treatment (Preti et al, 2014 ; Brett et al, 2015 ; Waters et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure and Measurement of Unusual Sensory Experiences in Different Modalities: The Multi-Modality Unusual Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (MUSEQ)

et al. 2017

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Hallucinations and other unusual sensory experiences (USE) can occur in all modalities in the general population. Yet, the existing literature is dominated by investigations into auditory hallucinations (“voices”), while other modalities remain under-researched. Furthermore, there is a paucity of measures which can systematically assess different modalities, which limits our ability to detect individual and group differences across modalities. The current study explored such differences using a new scale, the Multi-Modality Unusual Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (MUSEQ). The MUSEQ is a 43-item self-report measure which assesses USE in six modalities: auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, bodily sensations, and sensed presence. Scale development and validation involved a total of 1,300 participants, which included: 513 students and community members for initial development, 32 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder for validation, 659 students for factor replication, and 96 students for test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that a correlated-factors model and bifactor model yielded acceptable model fit, while a unidimensional model fitted poorly. These findings were confirmed in the replication sample. Results showed contributions from a general common factor, as well as modality-specific factors. The latter accounted for less variance than the general factor, but could still detect theoretically meaningful group differences. The MUSEQ showed good reliability, construct validity, and could discriminate non-clinical and clinical groups. The MUSEQ offers a reliable means of measuring hallucinations and other USE in six different modalities.

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Auditory hallucinations, not necessarily a hallmark of psychotic disorder

Cited by 69 publications

References 56 publications

Auditory and visual hallucination prevalence in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Auditory and visual hallucination prevalence in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Conséquences psychopathologiques du confinement

The Structure and Measurement of Unusual Sensory Experiences in Different Modalities: The Multi-Modality Unusual Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (MUSEQ)

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