Auditory versus visual learning of temporal patterns.

Nazzaro, James R.; Nazzaro, Jean N.

doi:10.1037/h0020861

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus, to maximize recall, perhaps information should be presented via the sensory mode most appropriate for the task. The results of the first experiment as well as other studies (e.g., Nazzzaro & Nazzaro, 1970;Penney et al, 1998;Penney et al, 2000) demonstrate that audition is superior to vision in temporal recall tasks and thus when recall of temporal information is required, auditory presentations seem most appropriate. Moreover, the results of the second experiment suggest that vision is superior to audition in spatial recall and thus when recall of locations is required, visual presentations seem most appropriate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Because most participants recalled more auditory sequences than visual sequences, the authors concluded that audition is superior to vision in temporal recall. However, Nazzaro and Nazzaro's (1970) study highlights a further limitation of investigations into modality preference; even when tasks are equivalent across modalities, it does not necessarily follow that each task is equally difficult. It is unclear why audition is superior to vision in temporal recall, however, one explanation might be that audition has higher temporal acuity than vision (Brown & Hitchcock, 1965;Fendrich & Corballis, 2001).…”

Section: Modality Preference Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 86%

“…It should be noted, however, that the modality appropriateness hypothesis provides an account of perceptual multisensory interactions, rather than memory. Nonetheless, the hypothesis provides a plausible link between perceptual advantages and the observation that audition is superior to vision in temporal recall (e.g., Nazzaro & Nazzaro, 1970;Penney, Allen, Meck, & Gibbon, 1998;Penney, Gibbon, & Meck, 2000).…”

Section: Modality Appropriateness Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Such a task with equivalent auditory and visual forms was the simple temporal memory task described by Nazzaro and Nazzaro (1970). They presented participants with identical sequences of short and long flashes or tones in a Morse code-like recall task to determine whether visual learning occurred more easily than auditory learning.…”

Section: Modality Preference Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

An Evaluation of Modality Preference Using a “Morse Code” Recall Task

Hansen

Cottrell

2013

The Journal of Experimental Education

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Modality Preference Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Modality Appropriateness Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Modality Preference Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An Evaluation of Modality Preference Using a “Morse Code” Recall Task

Hansen

Cottrell

2013

The Journal of Experimental Education

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“…To a considerable extent, this "practice" effect has been minimized by the use of detection paradigms and relatively simple, repetitive "signal" stimuli (Dornbush, 1971, andNazzaro & Nazzaro, 1970, are exceptions). Nonetheless, in reviewing data provided by these detection paradigms, Loveless et al (1970) note a consistent "learning" effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning to utilize information presented over two sensory channels

Halpern

Lantz

1974

Perception & Psychophysics

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In three separate experiments, Ss were provided with auditory, visual, or simultaneous auditory and visual information in a classification task. Difficulty of classification was manipulated by varying the stimulus exposure duration. Consistent bisensory facilitation effects were noted for later trials, with interference evident on earlier trials. Exposure duration influenced rate and not amount of learning, with bisensory performance being most affected by duration. A transfer paradigm was used in Experiment III, and little if any transfer was noted between unisensory and bisensory stimulus conditions. It was concludedthat Ss were extracting the most salient bisensory stimulus components from the auditory and visual modes of information into a unidimensional information configuration.Studies of intersensory processes are, for the most part, designed to determine whether, and/or how, organisms utilize information that is presentd to more than one sensory modality. Typically, a bisensory task is used where stimulus information is provided to the visual and auditory modalities, either simultaneously or separated by some short interval. The design frequently involves three groups, one of which receives combined visual and auditory information, the other two groups experiencing either the auditory or visual stimuli only. An intersensory facilitation effect is noted when the performance of the bisensory group is superior to the performance of each of the other two groups. Intersensory interference refers to circumstances where bisensory performance is inferior to the performance of either of the unisensory groups. While both facilitation and interference have been obtained (as well as the absence of intersensory effects), the most typical result is facilitation, particularly in situations where the stimuli are difficult to detect or discriminate. Excellent reviews of the "intersensory" literature have been provided by Loveless, Brebner, and Hamilton (1970) and Nickerson (1973), with the latter being largely limited to experiments which emphasize a response time (RT) dependent measure.With few exceptions, data on intersensory processes come from experimenal contexts which have used either a detection or discrimination paradigm along with short-duration stimulus exposures. Although there has not been a considerable effort directed toward theoretical development, two different. but not opposing, theories have been proposed. These are the energy summation hypothesis (e.g., Bernstein, 1970) and the preparation-enhancement model (e.g. • Nickerson, 1973). Very briefly, the former attributes bisensory facilitation to the cross-modal summation of stimulus energy, while the latter treats one of the two sources of bisensory information as an accessory which serves primarily to "set." "orient." or prepare the S for the other source of information.At a strictly intuitive level, it would appear that the ability to effectively utilize two sources of simultaneous or near-simultaneous bisensory information would develop as a result of...

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Multisensory Aspects of Rhythm

Fraisse

1981

Intersensory Perception and Sensory Integration

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Auditory versus visual learning of temporal patterns.

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

An Evaluation of Modality Preference Using a “Morse Code” Recall Task

An Evaluation of Modality Preference Using a “Morse Code” Recall Task

Learning to utilize information presented over two sensory channels

Multisensory Aspects of Rhythm

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