Auftreten und Herkunftsbestimmung von Antibiotika in viehstarken Regionen Niedersachsens

An integrated assessment of pharmaceuticals in water systems

“…However, the present study assessed GWFs only for surface waters resulting from VA overland transport. Including groundwater pollution would likely increase VA-related GWFs, especially in regions with intensive livestock farming (Kivits et al, 2018) and for mobile substances such as sulfamethazine ) -one VA that has been found in the Vecht catchment's aquifer (Karfusehr et al, 2018). The detection of VAs in groundwater, which had been applied years or decades ago (Kivits et al, 2018, Spielmeyer et al, 2017 highlights the relevance of this transport process.…”

“…The approach is demonstrated by applying it to the Vecht catchment for the selected VAs amoxicillin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine 2 and tetracycline. The VA selection is based on their large market share, abundant environmental detection in regions with high livestock densities, and availability of sales and environmental fate data (Karfusehr et al, 2018. For details on the Vecht catchment see Appendix B 1.1.…”

“…where Pharmaceutical transport to water through leaching and runoff has been addressed through experimental trials (Hamscher et al, 2005, Kay et al, 2005, Ostermann et al, 2013, Pan and Chu, 2017, Popova et al, 2013, Spielmeyer et al, 2017, Stoob et al, 2007, modelling attempts (Bailey, 2015, Knäbel et al, 2016, Mackay et al, 2005 and risk assessment methods (CVPM, 2018, Menz et al, 2015, but a comprehensive method applicable for the scope of this study is lacking. Given lack of data on decay in the soil and because pharmaceuticals from agricultural use have been found in freshwater resources under agricultural fields in GE and NL (Karfusehr et al, 2018, we follow here the precautionary principle by assuming that all loads applied to the field could potentially end up in freshwater. This may overestimate water quality impacts given potential degradation or accumulation in the soil (Hannappel et al, 2014, Kümmerer, 2008a.…”

“…Third, the pollution of groundwater is not assessed. This pollution however exists as studies conducted in German and Dutch regions with high livestock densities have shown (Karfusehr et al, 2018.…”