Augmented equivalence principle algorithm at low frequencies

Abstract

simulated maximum realized gain is À9.8 dBi, and the measured gain is À13.9 dBi, which is a practical value for short-range wireless tags. This difference is probably due to fabrication error and a slight leakage current. The antenna gain can be improved by improving the antenna element structure. CONCLUSIONSA capacitive feed structure for small, low-profile antenna with ka ¼ 0.37 is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The proposed C-feed antenna provides good impedance matching characteristics even if the antenna is connected to larger grounds and shows a small leakage current on the outer surface of the coaxial cable. The proposed antenna has potential applications in RFID and mobile terminals.

Recent development of surface integral equation solvers for multiscale interconnects and circuits

“…Both the charge and the current are considered as unknowns to avoid the frequency imbalance in the original EFIE formulation. By extending A-EFIE method with augmented equivalence principle algorithm (A-EPA) [7] [8], the multi-scale physics of complex structures can be effectively modeled. Fig.…”

Multiband printed and double‐sided dipole antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications

“…The superscript Tstands for transpose. Definitions ofL and Koperators can be found from [10].L pp  à 21 denotes the calculation of inside a perfect conductor (PEC) objects' currents. Moreover, surface charge density on ES are defined as…”

“…In augmented EPA, the radiation from one ES to another is described by the translation operatorT [10]. Then, the translation procedure on ES 1 from ES 2 can be described by…”

“…where theL pp  à 21 A2EFIE is the operator in Eq. (10). Assuming that one object (labeled as i) is enclosed in an equivalent surface, the inside operator becomes…”

“…The solution within the ES can be obtained by various numerical methods, which must be low frequency stable. To surmount the low frequency issue, [10] used the augmented EPA that applies the similar idea of A-EFIE to separate the vector potential term and scalar potential term. This method avoids ill conditioning at low frequencies.…”