Augmenting in‐situ remediation by soil vapor extraction with six‐phase soil heating

Remediation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated soils – To mobilize or to immobilize or to degrade?

“…Thus, persulfate first can be delivered to the contaminated soil subsurface in an inactive form, and then activated when it comes in contact with the contaminated zone. Activation by heat can be accomplished using steam injection or thermal energy production using electrodes (Heine et al, 1999). Hori et al (2008) found that persulfate oxidation, activated by hot water, was effective at degrading PFOA to below the detection limit after 6 h of treatment at 80 ºC.…”