August Pütter, August Krogh, and Modern Ideas on the Use of Dissolved Organic Matter in Aquatic Environments*

Jørgensen, C. Barker

doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1976.tb01128.x

Cited by 173 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…However, DOC may also be a potential food source for marine benthic invertebrates, as has been suggested already since the end of the nineteenth century (reviewed by Jørgensen 1976). Reiswig (1981) found a discrepancy between the supply and demand of carbon in benthic suspension feeders.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Coral cavities are sinks of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

Goeij

Duyl

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

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We studied the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by coral cavities of 50-250 dm 3 at a depth range of 5-17 m along the coral reefs of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, and the Berau area, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. We found significantly lower DOC concentrations in cavity water compared with ambient reef water. On average, DOC concentrations in cavity water were 15.1 6 6.0 mmol L 21 (Curaçao) and 4.0 6 2.4 mmol L 21 (Berau) lower than in reef water. When the cavities were closed, DOC concentrations in the cavities declined by 22% 6 8% and 11% 6 4% in Curaçao and Berau, respectively, within 30 min. This corresponded to average DOC removal rates per cavity surface area of 342 6 82 mmol C m 22 d 21 in Curaçao and 90 6 45 mmol C m 22 d 21 in Berau. Bioassays showed that bacterioplankton are not responsible for this DOC removal by coral cavities. DOC fluxes exceeded bacterioplankton carbon (BC) fluxes into cavities by two orders of magnitude. On average BC fluxes per cavity surface area were 3.6 6 1.3 mmol C m 22 d 21 (Curaçao) and 1.9 6 1.3 mmol C m 22 d 21 (Berau area). The net DOC removal per square meter of cryptic surface likely exceeded the gross primary production per square meter of planar reef area. We conclude that coral cavities and their biota are net sinks of DOC and play an important role in the energy budget of coral reefs.

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Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Coral cavities are sinks of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

Goeij

Duyl

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Although some DOC can be absorbed directly by suspension-feeders (Jsrgensen, 1976), it is likely that most of it becomes available to them as particles by way of a complex interaction of biological (bacterial) and physico-chemical processes to which the reviews of Riley (1970) and Mann (1972) provide a good background. The DOC pool appears to consist of two con~ponents, the first being an assimilable component to which bacterial activity is related, so that high concentrations of it rarely occur (Andrews and Williams, 1971;Sayler and Gilmour, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microorganisms and Detritus in the Water Column of a Subtidal Reef of Natal

Schleyer¹

1981

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The parameters measured in this study were light and dark-bottle uptake of NaHI4CO3, the chlorophyll content of seawater, direct counts of bacteria, microbial uptake of 14C glucose and a labelled algal extract, organic carbon in the seawater and the composition of debris washed onto the reef. The phytoplankton consisted largely of nannoplankton and primary production was low with an annual mean of P = 12.82 mg C n1r3h-', while the mean chlorophyll a content of 2.13 mg m-3 was equivalent to a dry biomass of 170.1 mg m-3 Microbial heterotrophic activity was relatively high with an annual mean glucose assimilation of V,,, = 0.612 @g l-'h-' and a total bacterial count of 2.02 X 106 ml-', equivalent to a dry biomass of 20.3 rng m-3. The largest proportion of this activity, measured by differential filtration and using antibiotic inhibitors, is performed by free bacteria as opposed to the smaller proportion conducted by bacteria attached to particles, or by microflagellates. Uptake of the labelled algal extract (V,,, -13.2-72.6 mg C m-3h-') indicates that microbial heterotrophic activity exceeds phytoplankton production. Carbon analyses gave an annual mean of 18.3 g m-3 total organic carbon, of which 20 % was particulate, the rest being dissolved organic carbon. Analysis of debris revealed that it consisted almost exclusively of seaweed, except when rivers were in flood, providing a large influx of terrestrial plant debris. These findings are compared with other published results, and their ecological significance is discussed in relation to the remainder of the environment. It is concluded that primary production by phytoplankton is not as important in supporting the biomass of filter feeders on the reef as is heterotrophic activity associated with organic detritus.

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“…First hypothesized in the late 1800s (reviewed by Jørgensen 1976), DOM has long been considered a potential energy source for metazoans as well. The epidermal uptake of free amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars has been demonstrated for numerous invertebrates, and it has been shown that associated bacteria are probably not responsible for the net-uptake of DOM (e.g., Jørgensen 1976;Stephens 1988;Manahan 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability of dissolved organic matter offsets metabolic costs of a protracted larval period for Bugula neritina (Bryozoa)

Johnson

Wendt

2006

Mar Biol

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For nearly a century researchers have inves tigated the uptake and utilization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by marine invertebrates, but its contribu tion to their growth, reproduction, and survival remains unclear. Here, the beneWt of DOM uptake was assessed for the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina (Linnaeus 1758) through performance comparisons of individuals in the presence and absence of DOM. The experiments were performed using B. neritina collected from Xoating docks in Beaufort, NC, USA from July to September 2004. Seawater was subjected to ultraviolet irradiation to reduce naturally occurring DOM, and then enriched with either 1 �M of palmitic acid or a mixture containing 1 �M each of glucose, alanine, aspartic acid and glycine. Larvae in DOM-enriched and DOM-reduced treat ments were sampled and induced to metamorphose fol lowing 1, 6, 12, and 24 h of continuous swimming at 25°C. Sampled larvae were assessed for initiation of metamorphosis, completion of metamorphosis, and ancestrular lophophore size to determine the extent to which energy acquired from DOM uptake could oVset the metabolic costs of prolonged larval swimming. DOM treatment had no signiWcant eVect on initiation of metamorphosis, but did have a signiWcant eVect on comple tion of metamorphosis and lophophore size. Larvae swimming in DOM-enriched treatments for 24 h experi enced a 20% increase in metamorphic completion rate, compared to larvae swimming for 24 h in the DOMreduced treatment. In addition, larvae in the amino acid and sugar mixture for 24 h had a signiWcantly larger lophophore surface area and volume (23 and 31%, respectively), compared to larvae in DOM-depleted sea water. To ensure that the increases in performance found in larvae with access to DOM were not due to a decrease in metabolic activity, the respiration rates for these larvae were compared to those of larvae in DOMdepleted seawater. There were no signiWcant diVerences between these treatments, indicating that the increases in performance were due to the energy acquired from DOM. These results clearly show that for B. neritina, DOM uptake results in increased metamorphic success and in the size of the feeding apparatus following an extended larval swimming duration.

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August Pütter, August Krogh, and Modern Ideas on the Use of Dissolved Organic Matter in Aquatic Environments*

Cited by 173 publications

References 175 publications

Coral cavities are sinks of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

Coral cavities are sinks of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

Microorganisms and Detritus in the Water Column of a Subtidal Reef of Natal

Availability of dissolved organic matter offsets metabolic costs of a protracted larval period for Bugula neritina (Bryozoa)

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