Auricular reconstruction with modified expanded two-flap method in Goldenhar Syndrome: 7-Year experiences

Surgical Microtia Reconstruction in Hemifacial Microsomia Patients: Current State and Future Directions

“…Regarding the abnormally low-set hairline, most authors are proponents of laser hair removal before undergoing two-stage reconstruction. 13,25,26 Preoperative laser epilation facilitates construct inset and prevents potential thermal damage to the construct and overlying soft tissue. However, in three-stage reconstruction with an expander, Chen et al 14 demonstrate in their case series of 41 patients that treatment during the expansion period required fewer sessions than if started pre-operatively ( P < 0.001).…”

“…12 Furthermore, in patients with more severe facial asymmetry and hypoplasia, creating a construct identical in size to the contralateral side's may result in an ear that appears disproportionately large. 10 Classical coverage techniques are also unsuitable, mainly due to the taut and thin retroauricular skin, 13,14 the underdeveloped temporoparietal fascia and underlying temporal muscle, 12,15 the low hairline causing a lack of non-hair-bearing skin, 13 and the unreliable arterial anatomy 14,16 . These factors, combined with a depressed temporal bone, may also hinder successful ear elevation with an appropriate projection and cranioauricular angle.…”

Hearing impairment and ear anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: a systematic review

“…Of the 62 records included, 21 were case series 13,14,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] , 30 were retrospective studies 5,12,15, , 10 were prospective studies [16][17][18][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] , and one was both retrospective and prospective 73 (Supplementary Material Table S1). Seventeen studies included patients with isolated microtia [16][17][18]28,30,36,41,44,45,64,[66][67][68][69][70]…”

“…External ear malformations were described in 50 records (Supplementary Material Table S2) 5,[12][13][14][15]18,[20][21][22]24,[26][27][28][29][30][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][48][49][50][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][65][66][67]69,71,72 . Microtia, reported in 52-100% of patients, was described in 31 records 5,…”

A decade of clinical research on clinical characteristics, medical treatments, and surgical treatments for individuals with craniofacial microsomia: What have we learned?

“…An expanded scalp flap without skin graft can be an effective procedure for patients with a low hairline (85). (86,87). Outcomes of autologous reconstruction with rib was studied in 60 patients with auricular anomalies (88).…”