Auroral Electrojet Activity for Long‐Duration Radial Interplanetary Magnetic Field Events

Park, J.‐S.; Shi, Quanqi; Shue, J.‐H.; Degeling, A. W.; Nowada, Motoharu; Tian, A. M.; Kim, Khan‐Hyuk; Pitkänen, Timo; Gjerloev, J. W.

doi:10.1029/2022ja030816

Cited by 2 publications

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References 59 publications

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“…Attempts have been made to represent this process by “coupling functions” (Borovsky & Birn, 2014; Kan & Lee, 1979; Lockwood & McWilliams, 2021; Vasyliunas et al., 1982) and great many studies have also investigated the roles of two other components of IMF ( B y and B x ) (Friis‐Christensen et al., 1972; Hoilijoki et al., 2014; Laundal et al., 2018; Milan et al., 2018). While the dawn‐dusk ( B y ) component is usually included in coupling functions, the commonly used coupling function do not include the component on the Sun‐Earth line ( B x ), which has been found less significant for auroral currents than IMF B y (Laundal et al., 2018; Park et al., 2023). Until recently, the dayside reconnection rate and thus the global magnetospheric response has been thought to be independent on the signs of IMF B y (and B x ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on “Unraveling the Role of IMF B_x in Driving Geomagnetic Activity” by Kubyshkina et al

Holappa,

Reistad,

Ohma

2023

JGR Space Physics

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The coupling of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) with the Earth's magnetic field can result in spectacular auroral displays, including substorms. An important feature of substorms is the westward electrojet that is routinely monitored by the AL index, based on ground magnetometer measurements. Recent research shows that, during periods of significant dipole tilt, the value of the AL index is strongly modulated by the dawn‐dusk (or y) component of the IMF (By): the AL index is stronger for By > 0 than By < 0 during negative dipole tilt (Northern Hemisphere winter). Kubyshkina et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja031275) argued that this By dependence of the AL index is not really caused by IMF By but by the component along the Sun‐Earth line (x axis)—namely IMF Bx, which is strongly anticorrelated with By. Here we provide strong evidence that the By dependence of the AL index is indeed much stronger than the suggested Bx dependence. In fact, the analysis of Kubyshkina et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja031275) provided similar evidence. We also note that the physical mechanism proposed by Kubyshkina et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja031275) to explain the suggested Bx dependence is contradicted by observations. However, we cannot completely rule out its existence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on “Unraveling the Role of IMF B_x in Driving Geomagnetic Activity” by Kubyshkina et al

Holappa,

Reistad,

Ohma

2023

JGR Space Physics

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Interplanetary Influence on Thermospheric Mass Density: Insights From Deep Learning Analyses

Li,

Liu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Space Weather

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In this study, the thermospheric mass density (TMD) features observed by the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload between 2002 and 2010 were extracted using deep learning (DL) technology; the TMD features were then mapped and modeled with the Interplanetary environment information (IEI), solar radiation, and geomagnetic indices. The DL model was used to simulate the TMD features during Day of Year (DOY) 222–241 in 2014, a period that experienced complex solar‐terrestrial environmental variations. We explore the TMD features under different solar‐terrestrial environmental conditions and discuss the effects of various inputs by comparing the DL simulation results with satellite observations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment‐A and Swarm‐A, as well as the simulation results from Jacchia‐Bowman 2008, Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter radar model 2.1, and Drag Temperature Model 2013. These results show that the DL model can better capture the TMD features after adding IEI. Part of these TMD features, including the high‐latitude TMD enhancement during the space hurricane event (DOY 232, 2014) and global TMD variations under complex solar‐terrestrial environmental disturbances (DOY 222–225, 2014), cannot be well described by the geomagnetic indices. The DL model indicates that the east‐west component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF By) has a great impact on TMD variations, and its modulation is different from the typical energy injection process during storms. Our results emphasize the crucial influence of IEI on TMD under both geomagnetic disturbances and quiet conditions.

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Auroral Electrojet Activity for Long‐Duration Radial Interplanetary Magnetic Field Events

Cited by 2 publications

References 59 publications

Comment on “Unraveling the Role of IMF B_x in Driving Geomagnetic Activity” by Kubyshkina et al

Comment on “Unraveling the Role of IMF B_x in Driving Geomagnetic Activity” by Kubyshkina et al

Interplanetary Influence on Thermospheric Mass Density: Insights From Deep Learning Analyses

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Auroral Electrojet Activity for Long‐Duration Radial Interplanetary Magnetic Field Events

Cited by 2 publications

References 59 publications

Comment on “Unraveling the Role of IMF Bx in Driving Geomagnetic Activity” by Kubyshkina et al

Comment on “Unraveling the Role of IMF Bx in Driving Geomagnetic Activity” by Kubyshkina et al

Interplanetary Influence on Thermospheric Mass Density: Insights From Deep Learning Analyses

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Comment on “Unraveling the Role of IMF B_x in Driving Geomagnetic Activity” by Kubyshkina et al

Comment on “Unraveling the Role of IMF B_x in Driving Geomagnetic Activity” by Kubyshkina et al