Austenite Grain Growth in a 2.25Cr-1Mo Vanadium-Free Steel Accounting for Zener Pinning and Solute Drag: Experimental Study and Modeling

Dépinoy, Sylvain; Marini, B.; Toffolon-Masclet, Caroline; Roch, François; Gourgues-Lorenzon, Anne-Françoise

doi:10.1007/s11661-017-4002-4

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The Zener pinning of alloys E and F is shown in figure 29 and it was found that the increase in copper content increases the Zener pinning pressure but there was no significant change with respect to annealing time or temperature. The values obtained in this work were more than the values reported on the literature [25,26]. It can be seen that Zener pinning describes the decrease in recrystallization kinetics at higher Cu concentration.…”

Section: Precipitation Behaviour During Annealingsupporting

confidence: 46%

Effect of copper on microstructure, recrystallization and precipitation kinetics in strip cast low carbon steel

Sellamuthu

Hodgson

Stanford

2019

Mater. Res. Express

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Strip cast samples with different copper content have been developed by simulated direct strip casting. The as-cast microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy and electron microscopy. The microstructures mainly consisted of polygonal ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite in as cast condition. X-ray diffraction showed that the copper was in solid solution in the as-cast condition. It was found that the equivalent tensile yield and maximum strengths, both increased with an increase in copper content. The strip cast samples were cold rolled to 70% reduction and then annealed isothermally at 600, 650 and 700 °C for various times to study the recrystallization and precipitation kinetics. After annealing, the hardness and strength were found to be decreased due to recovery and recrystallization. It was found that an increase in copper content retarded the recrystallization kinetics. During annealing, precipitation of copper was observed. The copper precipitates were bimodal with respect to particle size and distribution. The size and spacing of the particles were measured and the Zener pinning effect of the particles was calculated. High pinning forces of more than 2 MPa were predicted, and this correlated well with the observed decrease in recrystallization kinetics.

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Section: Precipitation Behaviour During Annealingsupporting

confidence: 46%

Effect of copper on microstructure, recrystallization and precipitation kinetics in strip cast low carbon steel

Sellamuthu

Hodgson

Stanford

2019

Mater. Res. Express

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“…For materials like the γ/γ superalloys that present a matrix phase (γ) and a particle phase (γ ), GG can be hindered by the γ phase, enabling to control the mean grain size of the microstructure during the forming processes of these materials. This is also presented in other materials like steels, for instance where the particles facilitate the grain refinement [2,3]. The described phenomenon was first discussed by Smith [1] and then detailed by Zener one year after [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

A level set approach to simulate grain growth with an evolving population of second phase particles

Alvarado¹,

Florez²,

Flipon³

et al. 2021

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

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In numerous polycrystalline materials, grain size is controlled by second phase particles (SPPs) that hinder the grain boundaries (GBs) by pinning mechanisms. The Smith–Zener pinning (SZP) model describes the physical interaction between SPPs and GBs. Both of them can evolve when applying a heat treatment to the material. As industrial forging processes involve hot deformation steps near the solvus temperature, it is thus of prime importance to characterize the evolution of the SPPs due to their impact on the final microstructure, notably on the grain size. The level set (LS) method is classically used to describe the influence of SPPs on grain growth (GG) by considering the simulated particles as inert and represented by static holes in the used finite element (FE) mesh. A new formalism to model GG mechanism under the influence of the SZP phenomenon, able to take into account evolving particles is proposed. It involves the representation of SPPs by a LS function and a particular numerical treatment around the grain interfaces encountering SPP, making possible the modelling of SPPs evolution without altering the undergoing pinning pressure. Validation and comparison of the new method regarding previous FE-LS formulation in 2D and 3D simulations and an application on GG under the influence of dissolving particles are described.

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“…In other words, solute atoms induce more dragging when they are well accommodated in the boundary. 22 Obviously, regardless of the reheating temperature, Zr atoms have a stronger hindrance to austenite grains boundary migration than Ti atoms.…”

Section: Effect Of Zr On Austenite Grains Growth Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Zr on austenite grains growth behaviour of high strength Ti microalloyed low carbon steel

Luo,

Xiong,

Wang

et al. 2024

Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Processes, Products and Applicati

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The isothermal grain growth behaviour for three Ti microalloyed steels with different Zr contents (0–0.039 wt-%) at different reheating temperatures (1100, 1150, 1200 and 1250 °C) and for holding times (10, 60, 600 and 1800 s) was investigated. Austenite growth model was established to analyse and predict the functional relationship between austenite grains size and austenitising temperature and time during the isothermal austenitising process in the three tested steels, and the influence of Zr was discussed. The results indicate that the activation energy Q and time index n of austenite grains boundary migration in the tested steels decrease with the increase of Zr content. The addition of Zr can inhibit the growth of primary austenite grains at high temperatures. With the increase of Zr content, the trend of average grain size growth of primary austenite becomes smoother. The addition of Zr improves the high-temperature stability of precipitates, resulting in smaller precipitates and stronger pinning effect for austenite grains boundary in Ti–Zr microalloyed steel compared to that in Ti microalloyed steel at high temperatures.

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Austenite Grain Growth in a 2.25Cr-1Mo Vanadium-Free Steel Accounting for Zener Pinning and Solute Drag: Experimental Study and Modeling

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Effect of copper on microstructure, recrystallization and precipitation kinetics in strip cast low carbon steel

Effect of copper on microstructure, recrystallization and precipitation kinetics in strip cast low carbon steel

A level set approach to simulate grain growth with an evolving population of second phase particles

Effect of Zr on austenite grains growth behaviour of high strength Ti microalloyed low carbon steel

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