Austenite reversion kinetics and stability during tempering of an additively manufactured maraging 300 steel

Conde, Fábio Faria; Escobar, Julián; Oliveira, J.P.; Jardini, André Luiz; Filho, Waldek Wladimir Bose; Ávila, Julián A.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.100804

Cited by 60 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[4]. Oxidation of the material during SLM processing is managed by allowing an inert gas to flow over the powder bed such as argon and nitrogen [5]. The ability to form a dense material has been studied by, for instance, Ciurana et al [6] and De Souza et al [7], where the definition of volumetric specific energy or Andrew number, E d was used.…”

Section: Introduction 1additive Manufacturing Thermal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Build Strategy and Impact Strength of SLM Produced Maraging Steel (1.2709)

Jarfors

Shashidhar

Yepur

et al. 2020

Metals

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The current paper aimed to study the impact properties of additively manufactured maraging steel (1.2709) using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-L) processing. The specimens were fabricated using 3D Systems ProX 300 equipment under constant specific power input, or Andrew number. The interactions between the build strategy and parameters such as hatch spacing and scan speed was, and the impact strength and fracture were investigated. The impact energy anisotropy was also investigated in parallel and perpendicular to the build direction. Instrumented impact testing was performed, and the fractography supported that the fusion zone geometry dictated the fracture behavior. The influence from gaseous elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen was found insignificant at the levels found in the printed material.

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Section: Introduction 1additive Manufacturing Thermal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Build Strategy and Impact Strength of SLM Produced Maraging Steel (1.2709)

Jarfors

Shashidhar

Yepur

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…Further, it is to be expected that additional improvements for some applications in harsh environments can be achieved by plasma nitriding, as it is already well known for conventional maraging steel. The AM process leads to a cellular martensitic microstructure with nano-segregations and a small amount of retained austenite 31 , 35 . After the heat treatment the process of austenite reversion was reported 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plasma nitriding to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of 18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting

Godec

Podgornik

Kocijan

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Abstract18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting was plasma nitrided to improve its wear and corrosion resistance. The effects of a prior solution treatment, aging and the combination of both on the microstructure and the properties after nitriding were investigated. The results were compared with conventionally produced 18Ni-300 counterparts subjected to the same heat- and thermo-chemical treatments. The plasma nitriding was performed under the same conditions (temperature of 520 °C and time of 6 h) as the aging in order to investigate whether the nitriding and the aging could be carried out simultaneously in a single step. The aim of this work was to provide a better understanding of the morphology and chemical composition of the nitrided layer in the additive-manufactured maraging steel as a function of the prior heat treatments and to compare the wear and corrosion resistance with those of conventional maraging steel. The results show that nitriding without any prior aging leads to cracks in the compound layer, while nitriding of the prior-heat-treated additive-manufactured maraging steel leads to benefits from the thermochemical treatment in terms of wear and corrosion resistance. Some explanations for the origins of the cracks and pores in the nitride layers are provided.

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“…Despite the complex thermal cycles during LPBF, precipitation of intermetallics has not been reported. 6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Thus, the softer steel in the asdeposited state can facilitate easier machining followed by aging for strengthening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging Solute Segregation in Laser Powder Bed Fusion to Achieve Superior Strength and Ductility Via Single-Step Heat Treatment in Ti-Free Grade 300 Maraging Steel

Nandwana

Kannan

Leonard

2020

JOM

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Maraging steels are Fe-Ni precipitation-strengthened steels that can be heat treated for achieving high strength with an accompanying loss in ductility, a trend common to most metals. We show that the segregation of Ni during laser powder bed fusion, commonly considered a nuisance that is dealt with via solutionizing heat treatments, can be leveraged via direct aging to achieve higher strength and ductility simultaneously, compared to a solutionized and aged condition. The high dislocation density in combination with solute segregation in the as-fabricated material promotes the precipitation of Mo-rich intermetallic phases that are responsible for the high strength, and the Ni segregated regions facilitate austenite reversion during direct aging. The reverted austenite enhances the elongation via transformation-induced plasticity. While overcoming the strength-ductility conundrum, direct aging can significantly reduce the energy and emissions associated with multistep heat treatments, especially in the global tool and die industry, while laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can enable tools with integrated cooling channels for increased downstream production efficiency. Notice of copyright: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The US Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/d ownloads/doe-public-access-plan).

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Austenite reversion kinetics and stability during tempering of an additively manufactured maraging 300 steel

Cited by 60 publications

References 43 publications

Build Strategy and Impact Strength of SLM Produced Maraging Steel (1.2709)

Build Strategy and Impact Strength of SLM Produced Maraging Steel (1.2709)

Use of plasma nitriding to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of 18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting

Leveraging Solute Segregation in Laser Powder Bed Fusion to Achieve Superior Strength and Ductility Via Single-Step Heat Treatment in Ti-Free Grade 300 Maraging Steel

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