Australia and Nuna

Betts, Peter Graham; Armit, Robin; Stewart, John R.; Aitken, Alan; Aillères, Laurent; Donchak, Paul; Hutton, Laurie; Withnall, I. W.; Giles, David

doi:10.1144/sp424.2

Cited by 95 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 181 publications

(334 reference statements)

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“…The contemporary reworking at approximately 2,500 Ma indicates that they were amalgamated by that time and have a shared evolution into the Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic within the Mulgathing and Sleaford complexes and Paleoproterozoic belts. These trends align with crustal growth patterns recorded in in situ zircon Lu‐Hf isotope data sets (Reid & Payne, ) reflecting reworking within the Nuna Supercontinent (Betts et al, ).…”

Section: Evolution Constraintssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The Fowler domain to the west comprises metapelitic and meta-igneous rocks with similar evolution to the sequences lying to the north (Hand et al, 2007;Figure 1a). These basins were formed in a continental back-arc setting following the amalgamation of the Gawler Craton to the remainder of Australia during the Nuna supercontinent accretion (Armit et al, 2017;Betts et al, 2016Betts et al, , 2008Hand et al, 2007;Reid, Jagodzinski, Fraser, et al, 2014, Reid, Jagodzinski, Armit, et al, 2014Reid & Payne, 2017).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetic, seismic reflection and magnetotelluric data have provided information about the near-surface controls on mineralization throughout the Gawler Craton (e.g., Direen & Lyons, 2007;Gow et al, 1994). Several crustal-scale fluid pathways responsible for fluid transport through the craton's basement and cover sequences have been identified in regional seismic reflection data (Betts et al, 2016, Drummond et al, 2006Wise et al, 2015, see Figure S1 in the supporting information), deep imaging magnetotelluric data (Curtis & Thiel, 2019;Heinson et al, 2006Heinson et al, , 2018Thiel et al, 2005;Thiel et al, 2016;Thiel & Heinson, 2010;Thiel & Heinson, 2013), and potential field data (Baines et al, 2011;Betts et al, 2003;Direen & Lyons, 2007;Stewart & Betts, 2010a, 2010b. The challenging question of how the deep crustal penetrating structures connect with the upper crustal structures and their relationship with large metallogenic provinces has been addressed with different traditional geophysical methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proxies for Basement Structure and Its Implications for Mesoproterozoic Metallogenic Provinces in the Gawler Craton

et al. 2019

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The link between mineral resources and crustal‐rooted structures has been proposed for many of the world's most significant mineral provinces. Here we utilize a new approach by interpreting potential field data, including satellite gravity data, and high‐resolution continental‐scale magnetotelluric data, constrained with aeromagnetic, and seismic tomography and reflection data, to determine the distribution of crustal‐scale faults in the Archean to Proterozoic Gawler Craton (South Australia). The eastern flank of the craton hosts the supergiant Olympic Dam iron oxide‐copper‐gold (IOCG) deposit within a larger Olympic IOCG province. The central part of the craton contains gold‐only deposits, which define the Central Gawler Gold province. Both of these provinces are part of a Mesoproterozoic mineral system with an extensive hydrothermal alteration footprint, which formed during complicated tectonic mode switches. We show that both types of mineralization are located in proximity to crustal‐scale structures that appear to connect deep crustal fragments, which likely record the amalgamation of the Archean nucleus of the craton during the Neoarchean with subsequent reworking during the Mesoproterozoic. Many of these structures do not have a surface expression but coincide with gradients in magnetism, gravity, and electric resistivity anomalies, the latter data set suggesting they acted as fluid pathways extending to the lower crust. The results indicate that the first‐order controls on the distribution of IOCG and Central Gawler Gold metallogenic provinces are inherited from earlier tectonic events, which formed major crustal boundaries and related structures that are prone to reworking during later tectonism.

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Section: Evolution Constraintssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proxies for Basement Structure and Its Implications for Mesoproterozoic Metallogenic Provinces in the Gawler Craton

et al. 2019

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“…However, there are complicating effects in EANT, due to the much more recent Cenozoic uplift of the TAM (at the former site of the Ross Orogen) and the associated lithospheric flexure of the craton and its margin beneath the Wilkes Subglacial Basin (e.g., Paxman et al, , , and references therein). Irrespectively, however, we also note that some potentially conjugate Precambrian terranes in Australia that lie along the eastern edge of the Gawler Craton appear to have anomalously thick crust, most notably the seismically defined Numil terrane that has crust up to 45 km thick close to a proposed major suture zone of inferred Paleoproterozoic or even older Archaean age (Betts et al, ; Curtis & Thiel, ). Another potentially conjugate craton region for the Wilkes Subglacial Basin basement is the Australian Curnamona Craton that is also underlain by 40‐ to 45‐km‐thick crust (Kennett et al, ; Kennett et al, ; Salmon et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Moho Depths of Antarctica: Comparison of Seismic, Gravity, and Isostatic Results

Pappa

Ebbing

Ferraccioli

2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The lithospheric structure of Antarctica is still underexplored. Moho depth estimate studies are in disagreement by more than 10 km in several regions, including, for example, the hinterland of the Transantarctic Mountains. Taking account the sparseness of seismological stations and the nonuniqueness of potential field methods, inversions of Moho depth are performed here based on satellite gravity data in combination with currently available seismically constrained Moho depth estimates. Our results confirm that a lower density contrast at the Moho is present under East Antarctica than beneath West Antarctica. A comparison between the Moho depth derived from our inversion and an Airy‐isostatic Moho model also reveals a spatially variable buoyancy contribution from the lithospheric mantle beneath contrasting sectors of East Antarctica. Finally, to test the plausibility of different Moho depths scenarios for the Transantarctic Mountains‐Wilkes Subglacial Basin system, we present 2‐D lithospheric models along the Trans‐Antarctic Mountain Seismic Experiment/Gamburtsev Mountain Seismic experiment seismic profile. Our models show that if a moderately depleted lithospheric mantle of inferred Proterozoic age underlies the region, then a shallower Moho is more likely beneath the Wilkes Subglacial Basin. If however, refertilization processes occurred in the upper mantle, for example, in response to Ross‐age subduction, then a deeper Moho scenario is preferred. We conclude that 3‐D lithospheric modeling, coupled with the availability of new seismic information in the hinterland of the Transantarctic Mountains, is required to help resolve this controversy, thereby also reducing the ambiguities in geothermal heat flux estimation beneath this key part of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.

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“…Betts et al (2015) provide a detailed description of Australian terranes assembling with each other and with the western margin of newly consolidated Laurentia, as part of the core of Nuna supercontinent. Pehrsson et al (2015) present the first compendium of cratonic terranes and orogens in a palaeogeographic framework that is consistent with both global tectonostratigraphic databases (Eglington et al 2009), including mineral deposits, and palaeomagnetic data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-dimensional context of Earth's supercontinents

Evans

Murphy

2016

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The supercontinent-cycle hypothesis attributes planetary-scale episodic tectonic events to an intrinsic self-organizing mode of mantle convection, governed by the buoyancy of continental lithosphere that resists subduction during closure of old ocean basins, and consequent reorganization of mantle convection cells leading to opening of new ocean basins. Characteristic timescales of the cycle are typically 500-700 myr. Proposed spatial patterns of cyclicity range from hemispheric (introversion) to antipodal (extroversion), to precisely between those end-members (orthoversion). Advances in our understanding can arise from theoretical or numerical modelling, primary data acquisition relevant to continental reconstructions, and spatiotemporal correlations between plate kinematics, geodynamic events and palaeoenvironmental history. The palaeogeographic record of supercontinental tectonics on Earth is still under development. The contributions in this special publication provide snap-shots in time of these investigations and indicate that Earth's palaeogeographic record incorporates elements of all three endmember spatial patterns.

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Australia and Nuna

Abstract: The Australian continent records c.

Cited by 95 publications

References 181 publications

Proxies for Basement Structure and Its Implications for Mesoproterozoic Metallogenic Provinces in the Gawler Craton

Proxies for Basement Structure and Its Implications for Mesoproterozoic Metallogenic Provinces in the Gawler Craton

Moho Depths of Antarctica: Comparison of Seismic, Gravity, and Isostatic Results

Four-dimensional context of Earth's supercontinents

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