1973
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91810-2
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Australia Antigen and Antibody Among Patients Attending a Clinic for Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Cited by 115 publications
(30 citation statements)
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“…In Inverclyde, in 87% of 92 cases reporting injecting drug use, 3% were infected through heterosexual contact with a case [21]. Our results are also consistent with the findings of previous studies in non-outbreak settings, where multiple partners, duration of sexual activity, or history of another sexually transmitted infection have been associated with an increased risk of HBV transmission [22][23][24][25]. MSM are a group with a higher prevalence of HBV than the general population.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…In Inverclyde, in 87% of 92 cases reporting injecting drug use, 3% were infected through heterosexual contact with a case [21]. Our results are also consistent with the findings of previous studies in non-outbreak settings, where multiple partners, duration of sexual activity, or history of another sexually transmitted infection have been associated with an increased risk of HBV transmission [22][23][24][25]. MSM are a group with a higher prevalence of HBV than the general population.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Percutaneous transmission among intravenous-drug abusers (IVDA) sharing contaminated needles remains the predominant mode of transmission in developed countries (151,162). Transmission of HBV through sexual modes is well established; sexual transmission is particularly efficient among homosexual men (146) and in individuals with multiple partners (87). While intrauterine infections are infrequent (286), vertical transmission is primarily perinatal.…”
Section: Hbv Epidemiologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hepatitis B positivity has been known to be more frequent in STD clinic attenders, homosexual men, and prostitutes for many years, [78][79][80] and is commoner in patients with more sexual partners or a past history of STI in both homosexual [81][82][83] and heterosexual groups. 83 Antigen has been found in both semen and saliva, 84 and also in faeces, 85 although this has not been confirmed by all investigators.…”
Section: Hepatitis Bmentioning
confidence: 99%