Australian wildfires cause the largest stratospheric warming since Pinatubo and extends the lifetime of the Antarctic ozone hole

Damany-Pearce, Lilly; Johnson, Ben; Wells, Alice; Osborne, Martin J.; Allan, J. D.; Belcher, Claire M.; Jones, Andy; Haywood, Jim

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15794-3

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…At high latitudes, the intensity of UV-B light is considered to be more affected by stratospheric ozone recovery, cloud and surface reflectance [ 6 ]. Particularly, the biomass-burning aerosol produced by the Australian “Black Summer” wildfires in 2019–2020 December–January–February (DJF) will speed up and then postpone the collapse of the polar vortex, which, in turn, will prolong the ozone hole that was detected in 2020 [ 7 ]. In 2020, the Antarctic ozone hole still led to record-breaking increases and had extended to most areas of the Antarctic continent according to a report by the World Meteorological Organization [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs Related to UV-B Radiation in the Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans

Fang

Cong

Zhao

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Antarctic organisms are consistently suffering from multiple environmental pressures, especially the strong UV radiation caused by the loss of the ozone layer. The mosses and lichens dominate the vegetation of the Antarctic continent, which grow and propagate in these harsh environments. However, the molecular mechanisms and related regulatory networks of these Antarctic plants against UV-B radiation are largely unknown. Here, we used an integrated multi-omics approach to study the regulatory mechanism of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) in response to UV-B radiation. We identified a total of 5729 lncRNA sequences by transcriptome sequencing, including 1459 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). Through functional annotation, we found that the target genes of DELs were significantly enriched in plant-pathogen interaction and the flavonoid synthesis pathway. In addition, a total of 451 metabolites were detected by metabonomic analysis, and 97 differentially change metabolites (DCMs) were found. Flavonoids account for 20% of the total significantly up-regulated metabolites. In addition, the comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the co-expression pattern of DELs and DCMs of flavonoids. Our results provide insights into the regulatory network of lncRNA under UV-B radiation and the adaptation of Antarctic moss to the polar environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs Related to UV-B Radiation in the Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans

Fang

Cong

Zhao

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Australia is the main fire-burning area in the world, as it has more fire-prone lands than the other continents due to the highly flammable biota (Duc et al, 2018). This region frequently suffers from wildfires in austral spring and summer each year (Cai et al, 2009;Dowdy, 2018), especially in the catastrophic 2019/20 wildfire season (Abram et al, 2021;Arriagada et al, 2020). Wildfires in Australia also have a significant impact on the environment (Damany-Pearce et al, 2022;Nguyen et al, 2021), human health (Nguyen et al, 2021;Yu et al, 2020) and ecological systems (Liu et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation Modulates the Relationship Between El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Fire Weather in Australia

Liu

Tong

2023

Preprint

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Abstract. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important driver of fire weather in Australia. The correlation between ENSO and Australian fire weather has strengthened over the recent two decades. However, the causes for this change have not been well investigated. Here, using reanalysis datasets and numerical model simulations, we show that the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) could potentially modulate the ENSO-Australian fire weather relationship. The correlation between ENSO and Australia fire weather index (FWI) increases from 0.17 to 0.70 when AMO shifts from its negative phase to its positive phase. This strengthening effect can be explained by the atmospheric teleconnection mechanisms. Specifically, the positive AMO phase, manifested as a warming North and Tropical Atlantic, generates Rossby wave trains and results in high pressures over Australia, which increases local temperature and wind speed but decreases precipitation. This signal superimposes ENSO and thus serves to enhance the ENSO effect on Australian fire weather.

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“…The Australian Bushfire Season (also known as the 'Black Summer', Sept 2019 ~ Feb 2020), viewed as a result of the Indian Ocean Dipole phenomenon by many meteorologists (Yang et al 2015;Stuecker et al 2017;Kramer 2020;Wang and Cai 2020;Cowled et al 2022), is a prime example of what can happen to our planet if this trend continues. In this incident, Australia lost more than 19 million hectares of land, and a substantial amount of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases were emitted, resulting in a significant increase in stratospheric temperatures due to the smoke and ash (Yu et al, 2021;Damany-Pearce et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility Evaluation of High-Resolution Downscaled Climate Data Using Automated Weather Station and Precise Temperature Monitoring Data.

Bastola

Cho

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Forest-related disasters are recently increasing in terms of frequency and severity due to climate change. This study aims to produce and evaluate high-resolution gridded climate data for a better understanding and prediction of forest-related disasters in the context of climate change. Thus, ERA5 re-analysis data was collected, and high-resolution observation gridded data (100m interval) were produced using the Improved GIS-based Regression Model (IGISRM). The produced daily data is bias-corrected using the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) data, and then a series of reproducibility evaluations have been performed using the Automated Weather Station (AWS) data and nine on-site monitored Precise Temperature (PT) data. The reproducibility evaluation results using AWS data show that the precipitation has a comparatively low reproducibility as it tends to underestimate the observed temporal fluctuation and rainfall amount. However, the produced high-resolution gridded climate data are found to have excellent estimation performance for the minimum and maximum temperatures. The evaluation using the monitored temperature data showed that the statistical efficiency of minimum temperature was somewhat lower than that of maximum temperature, but overall reproducibility was still high (NRMSE<0.5). In the measurement period (May 2021 ~ April 2022), the maximum temperature was slightly underestimated overall, while the minimum temperature showed overestimation, particularly in winter (after November) when the temperature drops sharply. Excluding one station, the statistical efficiency remained high, indicating that the ERA5 reanalysis data can be used along with the Improved GIS-based Regression Model (IGISRM) statistical downscaling technique for producing high-resolution downscaled observation data in mountainous/forest areas with insufficient observation data.

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Australian wildfires cause the largest stratospheric warming since Pinatubo and extends the lifetime of the Antarctic ozone hole

Cited by 25 publications

References 79 publications

Genome-Wide Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs Related to UV-B Radiation in the Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans

Genome-Wide Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs Related to UV-B Radiation in the Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans

Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation Modulates the Relationship Between El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Fire Weather in Australia

Reproducibility Evaluation of High-Resolution Downscaled Climate Data Using Automated Weather Station and Precise Temperature Monitoring Data.

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