Furthermore, individuals appear to understand the concept of career and to think in terms of their own career development as early as in preadolescent years (Hartung et al., 2005). Most important, this period of life is associated with the accumulation of basic knowledge as well as with the development of fundamental values, attitudes, and aspirations that serve as anchors that guide, constrain, stabilize, and reinforce subsequent career direction and progress (Schein, 1978;Watson & McMahon, 2005). Indeed, attitudes toward work, occupational aspirations, and occupational expectations that are formed during that part of life are predictive of occupational aspirations, expectations, and career outcomes in adulthood (Helwig, 2008). 2. Career entry, which involves the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and qualifications (e.g., by means of tertiary education, apprenticeship, or on-the-job training) to enter a job or a profession. This can be either within an organization or independently (e.g., one's own business). 3. Advancement, which involves development of expertise in the job or profession as well as generally upward movements in the organizational hierarchy, or expansion of one's own business. This stage may be characterized by moves between functions and organizations, or by failures in one's own business endeavors. In some cases, and especially for those whose work lives evolve within organizations, this stage may be associated with reaching a plateau, that is, a level with no prospects, either objectively or subjectively evaluated, for further advancement (see Chao, 1990). 4. Reevaluation, which involves appraisal of the extent to which one's aspirations have been fulfilled. This may be triggered either by endogenous factors (e.g., lack of challenge in one's job) or by exogenous factors (e.g., plateauing, redundancy, or realization that one's skills or profession are facing obsolescence). 5. Reinforcement, which involves implementation of decisions that have been made in the previous stage. This may be revealed in a number of ways, ranging from refocusing on one's job or profes-