Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme for Fog Computing in a Health-Care Environment

Abstract

The application of the Internet of Things has been greatly expanded; meanwhile, real-time and efficient communication has become an important feature of the Internet of Things. However, the centralized characteristics of cloud computing cannot meet the needs of low latency and high computing efficiency. To solve these issues, we utilized fog computing which is a new distributed computing paradigm that extends cloud services to the edge of the network, with mobility and low latency. Nevertheless, fog computing also brings new security issues, especially identity authentication. Authentication and key exchange are significant challenges that need to be taken into consideration in fog computing. Therefore, in this research, we proposed the architecture of the mutual authentication key establishment scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography for fog computing. After mutual authentication, the cloud server can transfer the remaining verification work to fog nodes, and fog nodes will be responsible for authenticating the device and distributing the established session key, thereby reducing the computational cost of the cloud server. Moreover, to evaluate the security of the proposed scheme, we not only used the random oracle model and the extended Canetti-Krawczyk (eCK) threat model to conduct a detailed analysis, but also proved that the security of the proposed scheme is strong enough against several attacks. INDEX TERMSFog computing, key agreement, health-care environment, extended Canetti-Krawczyk adversary model. TZER-SHYONG CHEN (Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical Engineering (Computer Science), National Taiwan University, Taiwan, in 1996. He is currently the Department Chair of Information Management with Tunghai University, Taiwan. He served on an evaluation committee of the Institute of Electrical Engineering Taiwan. He has authored/coauthored over 80 refereed publications. His research interests include information security, cryptography, and network security. SHENG-DE WANG (Life Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree from the National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 1980, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the

Effective Identification and Authentication of Healthcare IoT Using Fog Computing with Hybrid Cryptographic Algorithm

“…However, they faces several problems such as the handling of enormous IoT devices, privacy leakage, malicious attacks, and failure in single point centralized operation. Specifically, the IoT has inherent problems for scalability and capacity, especially in healthcare [2,3]. In a real-time scenario, IoT devices create a huge amount of healthcare data.…”

“…16, x FOR PEER REVIEW where 𝑍 = {0,1, … . , 𝑝 − 1} , 𝑝 is represented as a prime number, and 𝑎 ∧ 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍 satisfy the criteria presented in Equation(2).4𝑎 + 27𝑏 ≠ 0 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑝where the point at infinity is represented asΌ and it acts as an identity element The inverse of a point 𝑃 = 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐸 𝑝, 𝑎, 𝑏 is specified in Equation(3).−𝑃 = Ό 𝑃=Ό 𝑥, 𝑝 − 𝑦 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒In every pair of points 𝑃, 𝑄 ∈ 𝐸 𝑝, 𝑎, 𝑏 , the sum point 𝑅 = 𝑃 + 𝑄 is determined inverse of 3rd intersection line 𝑃𝑄 ´ with curve 𝐸 . If 𝑃 = −𝑄 , the additional resu determined Ό, as shown in Equation (4).…”