Author Correction: The Role of European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in the Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli among Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Chandler, Jeffrey C.; Anders, Jennifer; Blouin, Nicolas A.; Carlson, James C.; LeJeune, Jeffrey T.; Goodridge, Lawrence; Wang, Baolin; Day, Leslie A.; Mangan, Anna M.; Reid, Dustin A.; Coleman, Shannon; Hopken, Matthew W.; Bisha, Bledar

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68365-9

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“…However, the origin of these resistance genes and resistant bacteria remains unknown; indeed, they might have been acquired in Tunisia as well as on the birds’ migratory routes. This is the first description of ESC-R-positive European starlings in North Africa, after their report in North America where 4% of the birds tested were ESC-resistant ( 13 ), and the detection of one SHV-12-positive E. coli in a Spotless starling in Spain ( 15 ). The carriage of ESC-R determinants in these widespread migratory birds is of concern and further studies are needed to decipher the routes of contamination, including through meat consumption, and the risk of contamination for humans and animals in contact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…They can be potential reservoirs of bacteria as they have been recurrently described as carrying Campylobacter jejuni isolates ( 11 , 12 ). Cefotaxime- and ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli were also reported from European starlings in Canada, and one ESC-R SHV-12-producing E. coli was reported from a Spotless starling in Spain ( 13 – 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of highly prevalent Escherichia coli and Escherichia marmotae resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) in Tunisia

Souguir,

Châtre,

Drapeau

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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European starlings are widespread migratory birds that have already been described as carrying bacteria resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC-R). These birds are well known in Tunisia because they spend the wintertime in this country and are hunted for human consumption. The goal of our study was to estimate the proportion of ESC-R in these birds and to characterize the collected isolates using whole-genome sequencing. Results showed that 21.5% (42/200) of the birds carried either an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or an acquired AmpC gene. Diverse bla CTX-M genes were responsible for the ESBL phenotype, bla CTX-M-14 being the most prevalent, while only bla CMY-2 and one bla CMY-62 were found in AmpC-positive isolates. Likewise, different genetic determinants carried these resistance genes, including IncHI2, and IncF plasmids for bla CTX-M genes and IncI1 plasmids for bla CMY-2 genes. Three chromosomally encoded bla CTX-M-15 genes were also identified. Surprisingly, species identification revealed a large proportion (32.7%) of Escherichia marmotae isolates. This species is phenotypically indistinguishable from Escherichia coli and has obviously the same capacity to acquire ESC-R genes. Our data also strongly suggest that at least the IncHI2/pST3 plasmid can spread equally between E. coli and E. marmotae . Given the potential transmission routes between humans and animals, either by direct contact with dejections or through meat preparation, it is important to closely monitor antimicrobial resistance in European starlings in Tunisia and to set up further studies to identify the sources of contamination of these birds. IMPORTANCE The One Health concept highlighted knowledge gaps in the understanding of the transmission routes of resistant bacteria. A major interest was shown in wild migratory birds since they might spread resistant bacteria over long distances. Our study brings further evidence that wild birds, even though they are not directly submitted to antibiotic treatments, can be heavily contaminated by resistant bacteria. Our results identified numerous combinations of resistance genes, genetic supports, and bacterial clones that can spread vertically or horizontally and maintain a high level of resistance in the bird population. Some of these determinants are widespread in humans or animals (IncHI2/pST3 plasmids and pandemic clones), while some others are less frequent (atypical IncI1 plasmid and minor clones). Consequently, it is essential to be aware of the risks of transmission and to take all necessary measures to prevent the proportions of resistant isolates from increasing uncontrollably.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of highly prevalent Escherichia coli and Escherichia marmotae resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) in Tunisia

Souguir,

Châtre,

Drapeau

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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“…For human–starling interactions, two major concerns exist: the transmission of pathogenic strains directly or indirectly to humans, and the economic losses associated with E. coli pathogens spread to livestock. An additional, more general concern is the propagation and spread of antimicrobial resistance genotypes; antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria are a serious public health issue, and livestock are often exposed to a variety of antimicrobials [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) as Vectors and Reservoirs of Pathogens Affecting Humans and Domestic Livestock

Cabe¹

2021

Animals

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European starlings are an abundant, widespread avian species frequently found in close association with human development and agriculture. The ability of starlings to carry and disperse pathogens of humans and domesticated livestock has received considerable attention, including studies of enteric bacteria, viruses, and some fungi. To investigate the importance of European starlings as disease vectors, I reviewed and assessed the available literature, comprising several hundred published papers. Although a wide variety of potential pathogens have been reported in starlings, the strongest evidence suggests that they may be responsible for harboring and dispersing some species of enteric bacteria, with Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni of perhaps greatest interest, and primarily in the context of dairies, concentrated animal feeding operations, and other intensive livestock agriculture.

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Author Correction: The Role of European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in the Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli among Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Abstract: The Supplementary information5 originally published with this Article contained redundant data. This redundant data has been removed from the Supplementary Information5 that now accompanies the Article.

Cited by 2 publications

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Molecular characterization of highly prevalent Escherichia coli and Escherichia marmotae resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) in Tunisia

Molecular characterization of highly prevalent Escherichia coli and Escherichia marmotae resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) in Tunisia

European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) as Vectors and Reservoirs of Pathogens Affecting Humans and Domestic Livestock

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