Authoritarianism and Attitudes Toward the Environment

Schultz, P. Wesley; Stone, William F.

doi:10.1177/0013916594261002

Cited by 95 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…According to the multidimensional approach to empathy proposed by this author, a prototypical empathy episode could be described in terms of the antecedents (characteristics of the observer, target, or situation), processes (noncognitive, simple cognitive, and advanced cognitive), intrapersonal outcomes (cognitive and affective behavior not manifested in overt behavior), and interpersonal outcomes (behavioral responses). A large body of literature has documented an association between environmental concern and sociodemographic variables such as gender or race (e.g., Kalof, Dietz, Guagnano, & Stern, 2002), personal variables such as per-sonal values, authoritarianism, or antisocial behaviors (Stern, Dietz & Kalof, 1993;Schultz & Stone, 1994;Corral-Verdugo, Frías-Amenta, & GonzalezLomelí, 2003), and situational variables such as physical context (e.g. Corraliza & Berenguer, 2000).…”

Section: Empathy With the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Taking, Environmental Concern, and the Moderating Role of Dispositional Empathy

Sevillano

Aragonés

Schultz

2007

Environment and Behavior

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article examines the impact of visual images and perspective taking on concern for environmental problems. Participants in the experiment were 193 university students. Results replicated earlier results showing that perspective taking, combined with images of animals harmed by nature, caused an increase in biospheric environmental concerns. In addition, results showed that the empathic dimension of personal distress moderated the relationship between kind of image and kind of perspective on both biospheric and egoistic environmental concerns. Results about the lack of other moderating effects are discussed. Studies of environmental attitudes have a long history in environmental psychology. There is a large volume of research examining the ways in which people think about environmental issues, the types of concerns that individuals hold about environmental problems, and the relationship between environmental attitudes and behavior. Originally, research on environmental attitudes and proenvironmental behavior was developed from a sociological point of view (Dunlap & Van Liere, 1978;Milbrath, 1986), emphasizing the role of society in generating and maintaining environmental problems. Keywords: environmental concern; empathy; perspective taking; environmental valuesConsequently, constructs such as the new ecological paradigm, worldview, and anthropocentrism emerged from this body of work, among others. More recently, theoretical developments and a number of empirical studies of environmental attitudes have focused on a more psychological perspective (e.g. Kaiser & Fuhrer, 2003;Schultz, 2001;Stern & Dietz, 1994;Thompson & Barton, 1994;Uzzell, 2000). One line of psychological work has examined the values and motives that underlie environmental attitudes. This work has shown that different values are associated with different attitudes about environmental problems. Thompson and Barton (1994) distinguish two kinds of values under-lying environmental attitudes: ecocentric, which empathizes the value of nature itself, and anthropocentric, which empathizes the benefits of the natural environment for human beings. This classification is grounded in a general view about the relationship between human beings and nature (Stokols, 1990;White, 1967). A different classification has been proposed by Stern and Dietz (1994). In one of the most influential works on the role of values in environmental concern, these authors provide a tripartite classification of values (social-altruistic, biospheric, and egoistic) that "may affect beliefs about the consequences of attitude objects for the things an individual values and thus have consequences for that individual's attitudes and behavior" (Stern & Dietz, 1994, p. 67 Schultz (2000Schultz ( , 2001 developed an Environmental Motives Scale for assessing the set of valued objects on which people base their environmental concern. The author identified three sets of valued objects in an English-speaking sample: egoistic (me, my future, my lifestyle, my health), altruistic (all people, ...

show abstract

Section: Empathy With the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Taking, Environmental Concern, and the Moderating Role of Dispositional Empathy

Sevillano

Aragonés

Schultz

2007

Environment and Behavior

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…De este modo, resulta de interés su evaluación del autoritarismo de derechas mediante la Escala de Autoritarismo de Derechas (RWA por su sigla en inglés), que ha sido utilizada en diversas investigaciones (e.g., Ahrens & Innes, 1994;Duckitt, 2000;Ekehammar, Akrami, Gylje, & Zakrisson, 2004;Farre & Duckitt, 1994;McFarland, Ageyev, & Djintcharadze, 1996;Roccato, Re, & Sclauzero, 2002;Seoane & Garzón, 1992;Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). Asimismo, mediante las versiones abreviadas de la RWA (Schultz & Stone, 1994;Walter, 1996;Zakrisson, 2005) y la adaptación en población chilena de la versión abreviada realizada en el estudio de Cárdenas y Parra (2010), se ha tratado de subsanar el marcado uso idiosincrásico que atentaría contra su validez (Schaffer & Riordan, 2003), así como también se discute acerca de la dimensionalidad (Etchezahar, Prado-Gascó, Jaume, & Brussino, 2014;Funke, 2005;Manganelli, Bobbio, & Canova, 2007;Smith & Winter, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Autoritarismo y conciencia de muerte en estudiantes universitarios españoles

Jiménez

Suárez-Juesas

2016

RevPsicología

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue relacionar el autoritarismo y la conciencia de muerte, postulándose que los sujetos con un mayor grado de autoritarismo presentarían más miedo ante la muerte propia y ajena. Mediante un muestreo bietápico de conveniencia con submuestreo aleatorio intragrupo se seleccionaron 202 estudiantes universitarios españoles con edades entre los 18 y los 25 años (M = 20,50; DT = 2,57). Los resultados aportan evidencias empíricas acerca de las diferencias significativas en función del género en el factor Antiintraceptividad de la Escala F, con tasas más elevadas manifestadas en el género masculino y diferencias atribuibles a la edad (factor Poder y fortaleza en la Escala F y Convencionalismo y Sumisión autoritaria en la Escala Autoritarismo de Derechas [RWA, por su sigla en inglés] en los jó-venes de mayor edad respecto del nivel más bajo). En ambas escalas se ha confirmado la existencia de diferencias significativas tanto en función de la clase social como de la orientación política. También se han hallado evidencias empíricas que confirman que las personas autoritarias presentan mayor miedo a la muerte propia y ajena y son más conscientes del proceso de morir. Se discute acerca de las implicaciones de tales hallazgos y se plantean futuras líneas de investigación en la temática. Abstract:The aim of this study was to relate authoritarianism and awareness of death, suggesting that subjects with a higher degree of authoritarianism would present a greater fear of their own and others death. 202 Spanish university students, aged between 18 and 25 years (M = 20,50; DT= 2,57) were selected using a two-stage sampling of convenience with an intra-group random subsample. The results obtained in this study provide empirical evidence on the significant differences by gender in the Anti-intraceptivity factor of F Scale, with higher rates expressed in the male gender and differences due to age (Power and Strength factor in F Scale and Conventionalism, Authoritarian submission in the Right Wing Authoritarianism [RWA] Scale in the older students compared to the lowest level). In both scales it was confirmed that there are significant differences, both in terms of social class and political orientation. It has also been found empirical evidence confirming that the authoritarian people have a greater fear of their own and others death, and are more aware of the dying process. The implications of these findings are discussed and future research lines in the subject are proposed.

show abstract

“…Subsequent studies have shown how authoritarianism is negatively related to some contemporary broad social values and opinions, like environmentalism (Iwata, 1977;Ray, 1979Ray, , 1980, and that it is positively related to pro-growth opinions. This has been assumed to stem from the support authoritarian people give to conservative socio-political positions and authorities (Peterson, Doty and Winter, 1993;Schultz and Stone, 1994). In fact, even though environmental attitudes have been shown to be negatively related to age, and positively related to city size, education, socio-economic and professional status, and knowledge (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity Processes and Environmental Threat: the Effects of Nationalism and Local Identity upon Perception of Beach Pollution

Bonaiuto

Breakwell

Cano

1996

J. Community. Appl. Soc. Psychol.

256

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examines the importance of local and national identity processes in predicting the perception of a threat to the local environment: pollution of British beaches defined in terms of European Union (EU) regulations concerning cleanliness. Place identity and social identity theories would predict that English people would exhibit positive discrimination when evaluating both their local and national beaches and would allow ingroup preferences to influence their estimates of beach pollution. The study involved administering questionnaires to 347 English students drawn from secondary schools in six seaside resorts (three with 'polluted' beaches, and three with 'unpolluted' beaches according to the EU criteria). It was hypothesized that degree of both local and national identification would predict variance in perceived levels of pollution independently of either the EU categorization or the physical evidence of pollution available. On the whole, results confirmed this main hypothesis: subjects who were more attached to their town or their nation tended to perceive their local and national beaches as less polluted. Traditional predictors of environmental evaluation (such as socio-demographic variables, environmental concern, use of the environment) did not play an important role in predicting beach pollution perception. Denial of physical assessments of pollution was interpreted as a strategy used to cope with the threat to place identity posed by the labelling of local beaches by a powerful outgroup (the EU).

show abstract

Authoritarianism and Attitudes Toward the Environment

Cited by 95 publications

References 6 publications

Perspective Taking, Environmental Concern, and the Moderating Role of Dispositional Empathy

Perspective Taking, Environmental Concern, and the Moderating Role of Dispositional Empathy

Autoritarismo y conciencia de muerte en estudiantes universitarios españoles

Identity Processes and Environmental Threat: the Effects of Nationalism and Local Identity upon Perception of Beach Pollution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About