Authors’ Response

Mou, YongYan; Lakadwar, Jyoti; Rabalais, J. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.00993.x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The former takes the stand of "heterogeneous and nonindwelling" (yiti wuzhu ) while the latter makes the claim of "homogenous and non-indwelling" (tongti wuzhu ). 41 These two are different versions of the relation between the Buddha nature and ignorance. Buddha nature is the ground of attaining Buddhahood while ignorance is the force that makes one's life inauthentic.…”

Section: Sā Gara-mudrā -Samā Dhi (Haiyin Sanmeimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mou Zongsan's “Transcendental” Interpretation of Huayan Buddhism

Tang¹

2011

Journal of Chinese Philosophy

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Section: Sā Gara-mudrā -Samā Dhi (Haiyin Sanmeimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mou Zongsan's “Transcendental” Interpretation of Huayan Buddhism

Tang¹

2011

Journal of Chinese Philosophy

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“…1,[19][20][21][22][23][24] Over the years, a large number of techniques have been used for analyzing GSRs. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), either with flame or electrothermal atomization, 7,25,26 electrochemical methods, 27,28 neutron activation analysis (NAA), 29 capillary electrophoresis, 30 scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) spectroscopy, 17,19 atomic force microscopy (AFM), 6,31,32 inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) 9 and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) 18,33,34 have been the most mentioned techniques in the literature concerning these types of analyses. 29,35,36 More recently, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has also been introduced as a potentially useful technique for GSR analysis, 5,6,20 with enough specificity and sensitivity to detect organic compounds in GSRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A FT-NIR spectroscopy methodology to estimate firing distance based on the direct analysis of the bullet impact surface

Sarraguça

Lima

Machado

et al. 2016

Analyst

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A new methodology to estimate firing distance based on the direct analysis of organic components of gunshot residues (GSRs) on the bullet impact surface using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy is proposed. Mathematical models relating firing distance with spectral information were developed using data obtained from a series of shots performed with a Glock model 17C (114 mm barrel length and 9 × 19 mm cartridges) at different distances, from 20 to 90 cm, against a white 40 × 40 cm square cloth (70% polyester/30% cotton) target. The study was repeated with two different types of ammunition. Spectra were obtained around the bullet entrance hole at 4 perpendicular directions and at 5 radial distances in diffuse reflectance mode with the assistance of a fiber optic probe. Principal component analysis showed that FT-NIRS displayed sensitivity in the recognition of the differences between the GSRs from the two different types of ammunition. Partial least squares regression models allowed the estimation of firing distance for both types of ammunition. Prediction errors lower than 11 cm were obtained for shots up to 90 cm.

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Light Sources and Lighting Circuits

Yasuda

Bessho

NAOKI

et al. 2010

J. Light & Vis. Env.

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ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴAccording to machinery statistics of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the quantity of electric lamps produced in Japan was 613,000,000 (68.1% compared to the previous year). Of these, 73,000,000 were general lamps (88.1% compared to the previous year) and 32,000,000 were halogen lamps (79.3% compared to the previous year). The number of fluorescent lamps produced was 627,000,000 (72.9% compared to the previous year), and the number of general fluorescent lamps excluding backlights was 240,000,000 (86.0% compared to the previous year). Furthermore, the number of HID lamps produced was 7,600,000 (75.6% compared to the previous year). On the other hand, when looking at the sales amounts compared to the previous year, the results for general lighting electric lamps, halogen lamps, general fluorescent lamps, backlights, and HID lamps were 88.5%, 87.7%, 91.6%, 49.1%, and 76.4%, respectively. For compact fluorescent lamps, which are included within the numbers for general fluorescent lamps, sales amounts were 92.7% compared to the previous year, which was a large drop from 137.3% in 2008. The main causes mentioned for the decreases in production numbers and sales volume for these mainstream lamps are generally the economic recession and the rise of LEDs, a new light source that is now being used in the general lighting field. The main exhibition domestically was Lighting Fair 2009 held in March at Tokyo Big Sight. Internationally, it was Light Fair held in New York City in May. Although some new types of and research results for incandescent electric lamps are seen, their use and production continues to be stopped worldwide due to their low luminescence efficiency. In particular, the EUP directive (a directive related to energy using products and now named the ERP directive) was enacted in Europe in September. The sales of white diffused and clear types of incandescent electric lamps of 100 W or more and halogen lamps are prohibited. In Japan as well, major manufacturers continue to stop or reduce production of incandescent electric lamps. With fluorescent lamps, development into energy efficiency and longer life is healthy and new product releases of compact fluorescent lamps and ring fluorescent lamps are seen. Furthermore, the issue of reducing the amount of enclosed mercury remains and the IEC is continuing validity investigations of measurement methods. For light emitting diode (LED) light sources, 2009 was the year they saw full-fledged commercial viability and it may be remembered as the year that LEDs started to receive attention from average consumers. The luminescence efficiency of individual chips was reported to have reached 250 lm/W at the research level. In the Japanese production industry, the current market price of LED light bulbs quickly dropped to almost a third between the beginning and the end of the year. This drop is believed to be due to competition between the main existing light source manufacturers and manufacturers newly entering the market, the development and market intr...

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Authors’ Response

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Mou Zongsan's “Transcendental” Interpretation of Huayan Buddhism

Mou Zongsan's “Transcendental” Interpretation of Huayan Buddhism

A FT-NIR spectroscopy methodology to estimate firing distance based on the direct analysis of the bullet impact surface

Light Sources and Lighting Circuits

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