Autism — A Case in Early Childhood: A South African Investigation

Akande, Adebowale

doi:10.1080/0030443991550107

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Eleven intervention studies were identified from SSA, nine from South Africa, one from Kenya, and one from Nigeria. Studies included single subject experimental designs [Akande, ; Travis & Geiger, ], pre‐post quasi‐experimental designs [Akande, ; Bunning, Gona, Newton, & Hartley, ; Pansegrouw & Alant, ; Silver, ], within‐subjects design with repeated measures [Alant et al, ], non‐experimental descriptive group designs of medication use [Louw, Bentley, Sorsdahl, & Adnams, ; Wong et al, ], and one qualitative design [Geils & Knoetze, ]. The sample sizes for experimental studies were very small with eight of the nine non‐pharmacological intervention studies having fewer than 10 participants.…”

Section: Interventions For Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Akande reported the differential effects of presentation mode on the acquisition of color labels in three children with ASD [Akande, ]. In two additional studies, Akande reported the impact of tutor's self‐monitoring of reinforcing statements on the frequency of play behaviors in children with ASD [Akande, ]. These latter two studies comprised an original study in Nigeria and a replication in South Africa.…”

Section: Interventions For Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autism spectrum disorder in sub‐saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review

et al. 2017

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized as a global public health concern, yet almost everything we know about ASD comes from high-income countries. Here we performed a scoping review of all research on ASD ever published in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in order to identify ASD knowledge gaps in this part of the world. Fifty-three publications met inclusion criteria. Themes included the phenotype, genetics and risk factors for ASD in SSA, screening and diagnosis, professional knowledge, interventions for ASD, parental perceptions, and social-cognitive neuroscience. No epidemiological, early intervention, school-based or adult studies were identified. For each identified theme, we aimed to summarize results and make recommendations to fill the knowledge gaps. The quality of study methodologies was generally not high. Few studies used standardized diagnostic instruments, and intervention studies were typically small-scale. Overall, findings suggest a substantial need for large-scale clinical, training, and research programmes to improve the lives of people who live with ASD in SSA. However, SSA also has the potential to make unique and globally-significant contributions to the etiology and treatments of ASD through implementation, interventional, and comparative genomic science.

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Section: Interventions For Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interventions For Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum disorder in sub‐saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review

et al. 2017

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“…According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of ASD in many low- and middle-income countries is as yet unknown [ 8 ]. Most studies on ASD in Africa have centred on clinical characteristics indicating similarities of children with ASD in Africa and Western world [ 15 - 18 ]. The indication is that most of the children with ASD in Africa have Intellectual Disability (ID), severe speech delay and mostly diagnosed after age eight [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on Knowledge About Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Paediatric and Psychiatric Nurses in Public Hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana

Wireko-Gyebi¹,

Sandra

2018

CPEMH

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Background:Despite the existence of autism spectrum disorder in Ghana, few studies have provided the necessary information on the phenomenon. These studies have mostly focused on speech and language therapy for children and modification of classroom environment for children with autism spectrum disorder. This approach has resulted in a paucity of knowledge on nurse’s knowledge of autism spectrum disorder in Ghana.Objective:The study sought to assess the knowledge of paediatric and psychiatric on autism spectrum disorder.Method:In this study, 130 paediatric and 93 psychiatric nurses sampled from five public hospitals in the Kumasi Metropolis participated in the survey. The Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Health Workers (KCAHW) questionnaire was employed to assess their knowledge of autism spectrum disorder.Results:It emerged from the study that psychiatric nurses were more knowledgeable on autism spectrum disorder than paediatric nurses in general and specifically on each of the four domains on the KCAHW questionnaire. However, the level of knowledge on autism spectrum disorder among both groups of nurses remains low. Apart from the previous encounter, there were no significant differences between paediatric and psychiatric nurses’ gender, age, marital status, working experience and their knowledge.Conclusion:In view of the findings, it will be appropriate for autism spectrum disorder to be included in the clinical training curriculum as well as the continuous professional education for both paediatric and psychiatric nurses. This will go a long way in helping paediatric and psychiatric nurses to increase their knowledge of autism spectrum disorder.

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“…To date, 12 peer-reviewed manuscripts on ASD intervention have been published in sub-Saharan Africa (Akande, 1998, 1999, 2000; Alant et al, 2013; Bello-Mojeed et al, 2016; Bunning et al, 2014; Geils and Knoetze, 2008; Louw et al, 2013; Pansegrouw and Alant, 1995; Silver, 1970; Travis and Geiger, 2010; Wong et al, 2014). These studies examined a variety of therapeutic approaches (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of context in early autism intervention: A qualitative South African study

Guler

Vries

Seris

et al. 2017

Autism

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The majority of individuals with autism spectrum disorder live in low- and middle-income countries and receive little or no services from health or social care systems. The development and validation of autism spectrum disorder interventions has almost exclusively occurred in high-income countries, leaving many unanswered questions regarding what contextual factors would need to be considered to ensure the effectiveness of interventions in low- and middle-income countries. This study qualitatively explored contextual factors relevant to the adaptation of a caregiver-mediated early autism spectrum disorder intervention in a low-resource South African setting. We conducted four focus groups and four in-depth interviews with 28 caregivers of young children with autism spectrum disorder and used thematic analysis to identify key themes. Eight contextual factors including culture, language, location of treatment, cost of treatment, type of service provider, support, parenting practices, and stigma emerged as important. Caregivers reported a preference for an affordable, in-home, individualized early autism spectrum disorder intervention, where they have an active voice in shaping treatment goals. Distrust of community-based health workers and challenges associated with autism spectrum disorder-related stigma were identified. Recommendations that integrate caregiver preferences with the development of a low-cost and scalable caregiver-mediated early autism spectrum disorder intervention are included.

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Autism — A Case in Early Childhood: A South African Investigation

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Autism spectrum disorder in sub‐saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review

Autism spectrum disorder in sub‐saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review

Comparative Study on Knowledge About Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Paediatric and Psychiatric Nurses in Public Hospitals in Kumasi, Ghana

The importance of context in early autism intervention: A qualitative South African study

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