Autism-Associated Variant in the SLC6A3 Gene Alters the Oral Microbiome and Metabolism in a Murine Model

DiCarlo, Gabriella E.; Mabry, Samuel J; Cao, Xianlong; McMillan, Clara; Woynaroski, Tiffany G.; Harrison, Fiona E.; Reddy, India A.; Matthies, Heinrich J.G.; Flynn, Charles R.; Wallace, Mark T.; Wu, Hui; Galli, Aurelio

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.655451

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Furthermore, altered dopamine signaling has been associated with ASD in both mice and humans. A study by DiCarlo et al suggested that mice that are homozygous for the T356M DNA variant of the SLC6A3 gene, which encodes the dopamine transporter, manifests altered dopamine signaling and metabolic dysfunction, weigh less and have reduced body fat [ 89 ]. The authors found a significant decrease in Fusobacterium abundance at the oral level.…”

Section: Microbiota–gut–brain Axis Involvement In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Possible Implications in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Dargenio

Castellaneta

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifactorial etiology, characterized by impairment in two main functional areas: (1) communication and social interactions, and (2) skills, interests and activities. ASD patients often suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms associated with dysbiotic states and a “leaky gut.” A key role in the pathogenesis of ASD has been attributed to the gut microbiota, as it influences central nervous system development and neuropsychological and gastrointestinal homeostasis through the microbiota–gut–brain axis. A state of dysbiosis with a reduction in the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and Bacteroidetes level and other imbalances is common in ASD. In recent decades, many authors have tried to study and identify the microbial signature of ASD through in vivo and ex vivo studies. In this regard, the advent of metabolomics has also been of great help. Based on these data, several therapeutic strategies, primarily the use of probiotics, are investigated to improve the symptoms of ASD through the modulation of the microbiota. However, although the results are promising, the heterogeneity of the studies precludes concrete evidence. The aim of this review is to explore the role of intestinal barrier dysfunction, the gut–brain axis and microbiota alterations in ASD and the possible role of probiotic supplementation in these patients.

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Section: Microbiota–gut–brain Axis Involvement In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors found a significant decrease in Fusobacterium abundance at the oral level. Moreover, there is a positive association among Fusobacterium abundance, better glucose management and decreased body fat [ 89 ].…”

Section: Microbiota–gut–brain Axis Involvement In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Possible Implications in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Dargenio

Castellaneta

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…The link between the microbiome and depression has been proven by research on bacterial abnormalities in depressed patients. It has also been shown that feeding multiple microbiome populations (L. rhamnosus, B. infantis, B. longum) can improve mood even in healthy subjects (26,(31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Figure 1 Direct and Indirect Mechanisms Of Bacteria Infectin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can oral microbiome dysbiosis affect the behavior of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)? : Narrative review

Tedjosasongko¹,

Oktaviani²,

Nadia³

et al. 2023

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex developmental disorders characterised by several levels of social interaction and communication difficulties. The prevalence of children with ASD worldwide is around 1:160, and the number of cases of autism has increased significantly. The oral microbiome is a diverse microbial biofilm with the second most complex microbiota in the human body after the gut. Several factors, such as lifestyle and health, can influence the oral microbiome’s composition and metabolism. Children with ASD generally have poorer oral hygiene and suffer from periodontal disease and dental caries more than typical children; this is associated with behavioural disturbances, such as communication limitations, motoric limitations, eating habits and the side effects of drugs. Continued oral microbiome dysbiosis can lead to gut microbiome dysbiosis. There are two hypotheses for the transmission of oral bacteria to the gut, via the hematogenous route or via the enteral route. Gut microbiome dysbiosis may regulate social behaviour, such as emotional dissonance and anxiety, through blood-brain-barrier and gut-brain-axis pathways. When there is inflammation of the periodontal tissue in ASD children, it can cause lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leakage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that can cause an inflammatory response and disrupt metabolic activity in the central nervous system. Oral dysbiosis, which continues into gut dysbiosis, can affect behaviour through the gut-brain axis. This review aims to determine the impact of oral microbiome dysbiosis on the behaviour of children with ASD.

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“…In addition, the oral microbiota of these mice are altered with lower Fusobacterium abundance, as well as glucose dysregulation. There was a positive association between Fusobacterium abundance and improved glucose handling as well as a decrease in body fat [ 151 ].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota In Children and Adolescents With Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Gut Microbiota, and Genetic Background for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2022

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It is estimated that one in 100 children worldwide has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD frequently suffer from gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal issues, findings which possibly play a role in the pathogenesis and/or severity of their condition. Physical activity may have a positive effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults. However, the effect of exercise both on the gastrointestinal problems and intestinal microbiota (and thus possibly on ASD) itself in affected children is unknown. In terms of understanding the physiopathology and manifestations of ASD, analysis of the gut–brain axis holds some promise. Here, we discuss the physiopathology of ASD in terms of genetics and microbiota composition, and how physical activity may be a promising non-pharmaceutical approach to improve ASD-related symptoms.

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Autism-Associated Variant in the SLC6A3 Gene Alters the Oral Microbiome and Metabolism in a Murine Model

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Possible Implications in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Possible Implications in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Can oral microbiome dysbiosis affect the behavior of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)? : Narrative review

Physical Activity, Gut Microbiota, and Genetic Background for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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