Autism Etiology, Screening and Diagnosis

Hnilicova, Silvia; Babinská, Katarína; Celušáková, Hana; Filcikova, Diana; Keményová, Petra; Ostatníková, Daniela

doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.07.079

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It is supposed that a combination of de novo inherited variation and environmental factors may cause ASD. However, the lack of knowledge on ASD may lessen the opportunities for the treatment of autism [ 1 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Progress in pharmacological treatment targets has reached the clinical trial stage in several conditions related to ASD, such as Rett syndrome [ 5 ]. Evidence-based therapy is a behavioral analysis used to show that a patient's prognosis depends on early detection, diagnosis, and intervention of ASD, with several studies showing that significant benefits could result if intensive therapy is given during the first three years of life [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Prediction and Evaluation of Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Ashmawi¹,

Hammoda²

2022

Cureus

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Autism is a neuro-developmental condition that first appears at less than three years of age. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include several symptoms, such as social communication impairment, stereotyping behaviors, speech abnormalities, and impairment of eye contact. Its prevalence has increased recently, and several factors play a role in increasing the risk of autism. Multiple studies and research explain the factors affecting the rate of autism, and in this article, we will review most of these factors. The aim of this review article is to increase awareness of the problem of autism and provide scientifically relevant information about the etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and management of ASD. Our perception of autism has evolved over time. A few years ago, the condition was nothing more than an unrecognized developmental delay, generally with intellectual disabilities. Today, it is recognized as a major public health issue and a topic of much research. Researchers have struggled to find a cause for ASD, and numerous treatments have been developed to maximize the potential to learn and become socially fluent, no matter how strong the impairments may be. Although there is no cure, there have been significant strides in identifying and developing treatments. Early prediction of autism is beneficial in an individual's treatment, which can be carried out by recognizing the risk factors of infants, thus leading to improved outcomes or even a complete cure. The prevalence of ASD has increased, and earlier prediction leads to the best outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Prediction and Evaluation of Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Ashmawi¹,

Hammoda²

2022

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Erythrocyte Deformability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Correlation With Clinical Features

et al. 2019

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Biomechanical properties of erythrocytes play an important role in health and disease. Deformability represents intrinsic property of erythrocytes to undergo deformation that is crucial for their passage through the narrow capillaries. The erythrocyte damage can lead to compromised tissue perfusion and consequently play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including neurological ones. Data available in databases indicate that erythrocytes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are altered. This may affect the clinical symptoms of ASD. The aim of our study was to determine erythrocyte deformability in 54 children with ASD and correlate it with clinical symptoms. We found significant negative correlation between erythrocyte deformability and score in C domain of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) diagnostic tool describing the measure of restrictive, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors and interests, mainly observable in C1 and C2, but not in C3 and C4 subdomains. This supports the findings of other authors and suggest that behavioral domain C comprises of more subcategories with different underlying etiology. Our results also indicate that abnormalities in erythrocyte deformability may be involved in ASD pathomecha-nisms and contribute to its clinical manifestation. Further research is necessary to bring more data and identify erythrocyte deformability as prognostic biomarker in ASD.

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Plasma Levels of Glial Cell Marker S100B in Children With Autism

et al. 2019

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with increasing incidence. Recent evidences suggest glial cells involvement in autism pathophysiology. S100B is a calcium binding protein, mainly found in astrocytes and therefore used as a marker of their activity. In our study, children with autism had higher plasma concentrations of S100B compared to non-autistic controls. No association of S100B plasma levels with behavioral symptoms (ADI-R and ADOS-2 scales) was found. Plasma S100B concentration significantly correlated with urine serotonin, suggesting their interconnection. Correlation of plasma S100B levels with stool calprotectin concentrations was found, suggesting not only brain astrocytes, but also enteric glial cells may take part in autism pathogenesis. Based on our findings, S100B seems to have a potential to be used as a biomarker of human neurodevelopmental disorders, but more investigations are needed to clarify its exact role in pathomechanism of autism.

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Autism Etiology, Screening and Diagnosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Early Prediction and Evaluation of Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Early Prediction and Evaluation of Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Erythrocyte Deformability in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Correlation With Clinical Features

Plasma Levels of Glial Cell Marker S100B in Children With Autism

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