Autism Profiles of Young Males with Fragile X Syndrome

Harris, Susan; Goodlin‐Jones, Beth L.; Nowicki, S. T.; Bacalman, Susan; Tassone, Flora; Hagerman, Randi J

doi:10.1097/00004703-200512000-00026

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Those with autism and PDDNOS clinically are on a continuum and since many of the individuals scored at or just below the cut‐off for autism; they were combined in our analysis. Often in studies of autism, these two groups are combined into the ASDs category [Harris et al, 2008]. These percentages are quite consistent with our overall numbers for FXS + ASD.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Two to six percent of children with autism will have the FMR1 mutation [Wassink et al, 2001; Estecio et al, 2002; Reddy, 2005] and approximately 30% of children with FXS are diagnosed with autism [Bailey et al, 2001a; Rogers et al, 2001; Kaufmann et al, 2004]. An additional 20–30% of patients with FXS have Pervasive Developmental Disorder—Not Otherwise Specified (PDDNOS) [Harris et al, 2008]. Studies have shown that the presence of autism with FXS is associated with language and social deficits in addition to a lower IQ compared to children with FXS without autism [Bailey et al, 2001a; Kaufmann et al, 2004; Philofsky et al, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Secondary medical diagnosis in fragile X syndrome with and without autism spectrum disorder

García-Nonell¹,

Ratera

Harris

et al. 2008

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examined whether secondary medical diagnoses that affect CNS function (i.e., seizures, malformations, or genetic disorders), are more likely to occur in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (FXS+ASD) or FXS alone. Ninety males (3-25 years) with FXS or FXS+ASD were evaluated for secondary medical diagnoses by medical history and examination. A significant difference in the incidence of medical problems was found between patients with FXS+ASD (38.6%) and FXS alone (18.2%, p<.05). Medical problems that affect the CNS are more likely to occur in those with FXS+ASD and it is probable that additional brain dysfunction associated with these medical problems enhance the risk of autism in those with FXS.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary medical diagnosis in fragile X syndrome with and without autism spectrum disorder

García-Nonell¹,

Ratera

Harris

et al. 2008

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Two to six percent of children with autism have the FMR1 mutation (Reddy, 2005; Wassink, Piven, & Patil, 2001) and approximately 30% of children with FXS are diagnosed with autism and an additional 20-30% have PDDNOS (D. B. J. Bailey, Hatton, Skinner, & Mesibov, 2001; Harris et al, in press; Kaufmann et al, 2004; Rogers, Wehner, & Hagerman, 2001). Researchers have hypothesized that the presence of autism symptoms in FXS exists on a spectrum, such that some individuals with FXS who are also diagnosed with ASD may not be qualitatively different from those without ASD (D.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Report: Visual Processing of Faces in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome: An Eye Tracking Study

Farzin

Rivera

Hessl

2009

J Autism Dev Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gaze avoidance is a hallmark behavioral feature of fragile X syndrome (FXS), but little is known about whether abnormalities in the visual processing of faces, including disrupted autonomic reactivity, may underlie this behavior. Eye tracking was used to record fixations and pupil diameter while adolescents and young adults with FXS and sex-and age-matched typically developing controls passively viewed photographs of faces containing either a calm, happy, or fearful expression, preceded by a scrambled face matched on luminance. Results provide quantitative evidence for significant differences in gaze patterns and increased pupillary reactivity when individuals with FXS passively view static faces. Such abnormalities have significant implications in terms of understanding causes of gaze avoidance observed in individuals with FXS.

show abstract

“…Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common comorbid condition in people with fragile X syndrome (FXS). The prevalence of ASD in FXS has been estimated at 50%, although there is considerable variability across studies ( Demark et al, 2003 ; Kaufmann et al, 2004 ; Harris et al, 2005 ; Budimirovic and Kaufmann, 2011 ). This high rate of co-occurrence has led many researchers to suggest that FXS, being an etiologically “simpler” (i.e., a single-gene) disorder, will provide insights into the etiology of non-syndromic ASD ( Belmonte and Bourgeron, 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fragile X syndromeâ€“autism comorbidity: what do we really know?

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common comorbid condition in people with fragile X syndrome (FXS). It has been assumed that ASD symptoms reflect the same underlying psychological and neurobiological impairments in both FXS and non-syndromic ASD, which has led to the claim that targeted pharmaceutical treatments that are efficacious for core symptoms of FXS are likely to be beneficial for non-syndromic ASD as well. In contrast, we present evidence from a variety of sources suggesting that there are important differences in ASD symptoms, behavioral and psychiatric correlates, and developmental trajectories between individuals with comorbid FXS and ASD and those with non-syndromic ASD. We also present evidence suggesting that social impairments may not distinguish individuals with FXS with and without ASD. Finally, we present data that demonstrate that the neurobiological substrates of the behavioral impairments, including those reflecting core ASD symptoms, are different in FXS and non-syndromic ASD. Together, these data suggest that there are clinically important differences between FXS and non-syndromic ASD that are masked by reliance on the categorical diagnosis of ASD. We argue for use of a symptom-based approach in future research, including studies designed to evaluate treatment efficacy.

show abstract

Autism Profiles of Young Males with Fragile X Syndrome

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Secondary medical diagnosis in fragile X syndrome with and without autism spectrum disorder

Secondary medical diagnosis in fragile X syndrome with and without autism spectrum disorder

Brief Report: Visual Processing of Faces in Individuals with Fragile X Syndrome: An Eye Tracking Study

The fragile X syndromeâ€“autism comorbidity: what do we really know?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About