Autistic traits in psychotic disorders: prevalence, familial risk, and impact on social functioning

Ziermans, Tim; Schirmbeck, Frederike; Oosterwijk, Floor; Geurts, Hilde M.; Haan, Lieuwe de; Risk, Genetic

doi:10.1017/s0033291720000458

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…This tentatively suggests that benefits can be observed in both the social and attentional domains in comorbid individuals at both the diagnostic and symptom level. We note, however, no such benefit was observed for social cognition and functioning in a sample of individuals with various psychotic disorders that selfreported autistic traits and positive psychotic experiences (49).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Categorical and Dimensional Approaches to Examining the Joint Effect of Autism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder on Sustained Attention

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Accumulating evidence for the co-occurrence autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) at both the diagnostic and symptom levels raises important questions about the nature of their association and the effect of their co-occurrence on the individual's phenotype and functional outcome. Research comparing adults with ASD and SPD, as well as the impact of their co-occurrence on outcomes is extremely limited. We investigated executive functioning in terms of response inhibition and sustained attention, candidate endophenotypes of both conditions, in adults with ASD, SPD, comorbid ASD and SPD, and neurotypical adults using both categorical and dimensional approaches.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Categorical and Dimensional Approaches to Examining the Joint Effect of Autism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder on Sustained Attention

et al. 2020

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“…ASD symptoms are more frequent in subjects diagnosed with SSD than in healthy controls (33,34), and appear to play a relevant role in the clinical situation of patients with SSD, as more severe ASD symptoms represent an individual predictor of worse SC performance (35,36) and poorer real-world social functioning (37), and are correlated with greater impairments in the ability to judge the quality of everyday functioning (38). Individuals diagnosed with SSD and showing prominent ASD features could represent a particular sub-population with specific clinical characteristics, including lower IQ and poorer cognitive performance (39,40) and worse response to antipsychotic treatment (41).…”

Section: Schizophrenia and Autism Spectra Disorders: Areas Of Clinicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Cognition in a Research Domain Criteria Perspective: A Bridge Between Schizophrenia and Autism Spectra Disorders

et al. 2020

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Schizophrenia and autism spectra disorders are currently conceptualized as distinct clinical categories. However, the relationship between these two nosological entities has been revisited in recent years due to the evidence that they share some important clinical and neurobiological features, putting into question the nature and the extent of their commonalities and differences. In this respect, some core symptoms that are present in both disorders, such as social cognitive deficits, could be a primary target of investigation. This review briefly summarizes the commonalities and overlapping features between schizophrenia and autism spectra disorders in social cognitive functions, considering this construct in a Research Domain Criteria perspective. The clinical manifestation of deficits in social cognition are similar in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and autism spectrum disorders, and brain areas that appear to be altered in relation to these impairments are largely shared; however, the results of various studies suggest that, in some cases, the qualitative nature of these alterations may be different in the two spectra. Moreover, relevant differences could be present at the level of brain networks and connections. More research is required in this field, regarding molecular and genetic aspects of both spectra, to better define the neurobiological mechanisms involved in social cognition deficits, with the objective of developing specific and targeted treatments.

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“…Furthermore, studies are increasingly focussing on dimensional rather than categorical approaches, with the aim of testing the hypothesis that both conditions represent extremes on an extended continuum of symptomatic severity. These efforts provide evidence for elevated rates of autistic traits in individuals diagnosed with SSD, and also report that these traits negatively affect clinical outcome such as quality of life and global functioning (3,(7)(8)(9)(10) Of interest for the present study is the striking overlap of many cognitive traits between ASD and SSD (11), especially within the domain of social cognition (8,(12)(13)(14)(15). For example, investigations of emotion recognition in both ASD and SSD reveal consistent impairments compared to healthy controls (13,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Of interest for the present study is the striking overlap of many cognitive traits between ASD and SSD ( 11 ), especially within the domain of social cognition ( 8 , 12 – 15 ). For example, investigations of emotion recognition in both ASD and SSD reveal consistent impairments compared to healthy controls ( 13 , 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome and Facial Affect Processing in Adolescents With and Without Autism

et al. 2020

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Background: Autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders both represent severely disabling neurodevelopmental disorders with marked impairments in social functioning. Despite an increased incidence of psychosis in autism, and substantial overlap in symptoms and cognitive markers, it is unclear whether such phenotypes are specifically related to risk for psychosis or perhaps reflect more general, idiosyncratic autism traits. The attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) is primarily defined by the presence of attenuated psychotic symptoms, which currently constitute the best and most-replicated clinical predictors of psychosis, and are common in clinical youth with and without autism. The aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that facial affect processing is impaired in adolescents with APS and to explore whether such deficits are more indicative of psychotic or autistic phenotypes on a categorical and dimensional level. Materials and Method: Fifty-three adolescents with APS and 81 typically developing controls (aged 12-18) were included. The APS group consisted of adolescents with (n = 21) and without (n = 32) a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Facial affect recognition was assessed with the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks using a cascade model of cognitive processing, in which disturbances in "lower-level" cognitive abilities (pattern recognition), affect "higher-level" cognitive processes (face recognition and facial affect recognition). For associations with schizotypal and autistic-like traits the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and Social Communication Questionnaire were used in a confirmatory item factor analysis framework. Results: Contrary to expectation, APS in adolescents was not associated with impairments in pattern, face, or facial affect recognition. However, the APS group with autism spectrum disorder showed a general latency in response time to social and nonsocial stimuli. Dimensionally assessed schizotypal and autistic-like traits did not predict the accuracy or the speed of face or facial affect recognition. Conclusion: Facial affect processing performance was not associated with APS in adolescence and represents an unlikely early vulnerability marker for psychosis. APS

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Autistic traits in psychotic disorders: prevalence, familial risk, and impact on social functioning

Cited by 28 publications

References 67 publications

Categorical and Dimensional Approaches to Examining the Joint Effect of Autism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder on Sustained Attention

Categorical and Dimensional Approaches to Examining the Joint Effect of Autism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder on Sustained Attention

Social Cognition in a Research Domain Criteria Perspective: A Bridge Between Schizophrenia and Autism Spectra Disorders

The Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome and Facial Affect Processing in Adolescents With and Without Autism

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