Auto-positioning of sliding planes based on virtual force

DNA nanotube formation based on normal mode analysis

“…where δ i,j (t) is the distance between the ith and jth atoms at time t and k i,j is a step function equal to 1 if δ i,j (0) ≤ d, where d is the cutoff distance (=12 Å), and 0 otherwise. This specific single parameter encompasses the whole range of bonded and non-bonded atomic interactions in an elastic network model [9]. The values of k i,j (supporting information, figure S3 available at stacks.iop.org/Nano/23/ 105704/mmedia) comprise a stiffness matrix K and the Lagrangian of the system can be written as…”

“…In order to achieve these goals, normal mode analysis (NMA) [7,8] was carried out on single and multiple cross tiles. Normal modes are coupled vibrations of harmonically approximated molecular potential energies of the configuration variables [9,10]. The motions near the local minima energy states are much simpler than higher energy states, implying that the most probable deformations of the minima energy states are those requiring the smallest energy ascent in the multidimensional energy landscape.…”

Tracking control in x-y plane of an offshore container crane

“…Various mechanical devices for the MH crane have been invented to actuate the six d.f. motions of the container, such as a dual-stage trolley for macro position control in the surge and sway directions (Kim et al, 2011;2014a); a tension controller for rotational angle control in the trim, list, and skew directions (Ngo et al, 2012;Kim et al, 2014a); intelligent spreader for micro position control in the surge, sway, and skew directions (Kim et al, 2013;2014a); and hoist for position control in the heave direction. Among these, the dual-stage trolley system in this paper is used to compensate for the relative motions between the MH and container ship.…”