Autoantibodies targeting neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzymes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Hegvik, Tor‐Arne; Husebye, Eystein S.; Haavik, Jan

doi:10.1007/s00787-013-0429-3

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Many of these patients are children who may initially seek for psychiatric wards for acute anxiety, behavioral change or psychosis. Interestingly, a role for autoimmunity in general and for aAbs in particular has been claimed for Tourette's (Hoekstra & Minderaa, 2005;Martino et al, 2009;Rizzo et al, 2010), for obsessive-compulsive disorder (Teixeira et al, 2014), and for ADHD as well (Passarelli et al, 2013;Hegvik et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of auto-antibodies to DAT in the serum: Interactions with DAT genotype and psycho-stimulant therapy for ADHD

Giana

Romano

Porfirio

et al. 2015

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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ADHD patients were assigned, according to severity, either to a non-pharmacological therapy (NPT, N=32) or to a pharmacological treatment (PT, N=14) with methylphenidate (MPH). In ADHD children, blood samples were withdrawn twice, at recruitment (T0 basal) and after 6 weeks (T1); following 16 excluded subjects, DAT genotype was characterized (9-repeat or 10-repeat alleles; N=15 each). After 18 months of NPT or PT, some patients (carrying at least one 9-repeat allele) were blood sampled again (T2), for comparison with healthy controls (final n=8) RESULTS: Compared to NPT, basal DAT aAbs titers were higher within most severe patients (then assigned to PT), specifically if carrying a DAT 10/10 genotype. DAT aAbs levels of NPT group resulted highly correlated with distinct subscales of Conners' Parent/Teacher Scales (Rs>0.34), especially within DAT 10/10 genotype (Rs>0.53). While T1 titers were elevated over T0 baseline for NPT children, such an increase was not observed in PT patients carrying at least one 9-repeat allele, who also showed behavioral response to subchronic MPH. After 12-24 months of MPH exposure, DAT aAbs titers in PT subjects were comparable to those of healthy controls, while titers remained significantly elevated in NPT patients. Data warrant further research on serum DAT aAbs, which could be used to confirm ADHD diagnosis and/or to monitor therapeutic efficacy of MPH.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of auto-antibodies to DAT in the serum: Interactions with DAT genotype and psycho-stimulant therapy for ADHD

Giana

Romano

Porfirio

et al. 2015

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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“…Numerous studies have reported associations between neuropsychiatric disorders and immune system abnormalities [ 9 – 16 ]. However, these associations remain uncertain [ 17 – 19 ]. Likewise, several immune-related disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis (UC), juvenile arthritis, autoimmune thyroid disease and celiac disease have been associated with ADHD [ 20 – 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autoimmune diseases are modified by sex: a population-based cross-sectional study

Hegvik

Instanes

Haavik

et al. 2017

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Several studies have demonstrated associations between neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the immune system, including autoimmune diseases. Since ADHD and many autoimmune diseases show sex-specific properties, such associations may also differ by sex. Using Norwegian national registries, we performed a cross-sectional study based on a cohort of 2,500,118 individuals to investigate whether ADHD is associated with common autoimmune diseases. Associations between ADHD and autoimmune diseases in females and males were investigated with logistic regression and effect modification by sex was evaluated. Several subanalyses were performed. The strongest association was found between ADHD and psoriasis in females, adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) = 1.57 (95% confidence interval: 1.46–1.68) and males, adjOR = 1.31 (1.23–1.40); p value for interaction < 0.0001. Furthermore, among females, ADHD was associated with Crohn’s disease, adjOR = 1.44 (1.16–1.79) and ulcerative colitis, adjOR = 1.28 (1.06–1.54). In contrast, males with ADHD had lower odds of Crohn’s disease, adjOR = 0.71 (0.54–0.92), in addition to a trend for lower odds of ulcerative colitis, adjOR = 0.86 (0.71–1.03); p values for interaction < 0.0001 and 0.0023, respectively. In a group of females where information on smoking and body mass index was available, adjustment for these potential mediators did not substantially alter the associations. Our findings support previously reported associations between ADHD and diseases of the immune system. The associations differ by sex, suggesting that sex-specific immune-mediated neurodevelopmental processes may be involved in the etiology of ADHD.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00787-017-1056-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Basal ganglia +/´ [217,218] + [204] n/a n/a GAD +/´ [155,219] n/a n/a n/a * All autoantibodies mentioned above have been reported in biological fluids in human subjects with neuropsychiatric disorders. Data shown here does not include autoimmune encephalitis.…”

Section: Attention Deficit Hyperactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Little is known about the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. The identification of autoantibodies targeting the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), which causes neurological and psychiatric symptoms, has reinvigorated the hypothesis that other patient subgroups may also suffer from an underlying autoimmune condition. In recent years, a wide range of neuropsychiatric diseases and autoantibodies targeting ion-channels or neuronal receptors including NMDA-R, voltage gated potassium channel complex (VGKC complex), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPA-R), γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA-R) and dopamine receptor (DR) were studied and conflicting reports have been published regarding the seroprevalence of these autoantibodies. A clear causative role of autoantibodies on psychiatric symptoms has as yet only been shown for the NMDA-R. Several other autoantibodies have been related to the presence of certain symptoms and antibody effector mechanisms have been proposed. However, extensive clinical studies with large multicenter efforts to standardize diagnostic procedures for autoimmune etiology and animal studies are needed to confirm the pathogenicity of these autoantibodies. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of neuronal autoantibodies in the major neuropsychiatric disorders: psychotic, major depression, autism spectrum, obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders.

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Autoantibodies targeting neurotransmitter biosynthetic enzymes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Detection of auto-antibodies to DAT in the serum: Interactions with DAT genotype and psycho-stimulant therapy for ADHD

Detection of auto-antibodies to DAT in the serum: Interactions with DAT genotype and psycho-stimulant therapy for ADHD

Associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autoimmune diseases are modified by sex: a population-based cross-sectional study

Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

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