Autobiographical Memory

Abstract

The intensity and valence of 30 emotion terms, 30 events typical of those emotions, and 30 autobiographical memories cued by those emotions were each rated by different groups of 40 undergraduates. A vector model gave a consistently better account of the data than a circumplex model, both overall and in the absence of high-intensity, neutral valence stimuli. The Positive Activation Á Negative Activation (PANA) model could be tested at high levels of activation, where it is identical to the vector model. The results replicated when ratings of arousal were used instead of ratings of intensity for the events and autobiographical memories. A reanalysis of word norms gave further support for the vector and PANA models by demonstrating that neutral valence, high-arousal ratings resulted from the averaging of individual positive and negative valence ratings. Thus, compared to a circumplex model, vector and PANA models provided overall better fits.

A test of the peak-end rule with extended autobiographical events

“…We summarize a few findings from this work that are relevant to the present article. (For more extensive summaries and current theories, see, e.g., Conway, 2005;Rubin, 1986Rubin, , 1996Rubin, , 2005Shum, 1998;Thompson, Skowronski, Larsen, & Betz, 1996. ) In general, we are unable to recall the details of many of our previous experiences and, indeed, many details may be reconstructed rather than remembered (see, e.g., Rubin, 1996).…”

A relação entre a sintomatologia depressiva e a evocação de memórias autobiográficas em pessoas idosas

“…Esta memória é muito organizada, construída ao longo de toda a vida, com tendência a preservar o essencial de cada evento e possui diferentes conteúdos, contexto espacial e temporal, emocional e narrativo (Aurélio & Cláudio, 2009;Nelson, 1993;Robinson, 1986;Rubin, 2005;Williams et al, 2007). A memória de um acontecimento não é uma cópia da realidade, o que implica que possa, ao longo do tempo, ser modificada, distorcida ou reconstruída (Aurélio & Cláudio, 2009;Rubin, 1986;van den Hoven & Eggen, 2008). Nesta linha, para Conway e Pleydell-Pearce (2000) "(…) as memórias autobiográficas são construções mentais dinâmicas transitórias geradas a partir de uma base de conhecimento subjacente" (p.…”

“…Permite também que exista um self e um sentido de continuidade, uma vez que na ausência da memória autobiográfica a pessoa não se reconheceria, nem teria acesso à sua história de vida. Assim, a memória autobiográfica é a base do conceito do self (Aurélio & Cláudio, 2009;Rubin, 1986).…”

Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier

“…' Crovitz and Schiffman (1974) modified Galton's ''prompt word'' technique by presenting subjects with a word and then asking them to think of a specific memory they associated with that word. Later researchers extended this cued-memory technique by sampling autobiographical memory without restrictions on time of occurrence or kind of experience (Rubin, 1986).…”