Autobiographical recall triggers visual exploration

Haj, Mohamad El; Delerue, Céline; Omigie, Diana; Antoine, Pascal; Nandrino, Jean Louis; Boucart, Muriel

doi:10.16910/jemr.7.5.1

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Altogether, the ability to generate mental images has been considered to play an important role in autobiographical retrieval (M. A. Conway, 2009; El Haj et al, 2014; Greenberg & Knowlton, 2014). The present study assessed the contribution of mental imagery to autobiographical memory in AD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mental imagery and autobiographical memory in Alzheimer’s disease.

Haj¹,

Gallouj²,

Antoine³

2019

Neuropsychology

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Objective: A body of experimental, neuropsychological, and neuroanatomical evidence suggests a relationship between autobiographical memory and the ability to generate mental images. This study investigated this relationship in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Method: Twenty six AD participants and 28 control participants were asked to retrieve 2 autobiographical events. They were also administered measures of visual imagery (i.e., the taller/wider task), and spatial imagery (i.e., the clock angles task). Results: Analysis showed preserved autobiographical memory and visual imagery but compromised spatial imagery in AD. Significant correlations were observed between autobiographical memory and visual and spatial imagery in AD and control participants. However, autobiographical memory was predicted by visual but not by spatial imagery. Conclusions: The ability to retrieve (i.e., visual imagery) and manipulate mental images (i.e., spatial imagery) seems to be related with autobiographical recall in AD. In particular, visual imagery may contribute to autobiographical retrieval in AD participants by providing them with visual cues that increase the ease and speed of search through the hierarchical structure of autobiographical memory.

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confidence: 99%

Mental imagery and autobiographical memory in Alzheimer’s disease.

Haj¹,

Gallouj²,

Antoine³

2019

Neuropsychology

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“…These effects are marked at encoding (Henderson, Williams & Falk, 2005): reductions on memory performance are observed followed fixed, compared to free, viewing. Reductions in memory, though to a lesser degree (Damiano & Walther, 2019), have also been observed when fixed viewing is enforced at retrieval, including decreases in the retrieval of spatial localization of objects (Johansson & Johansson, 2014), recall of scenes (Johansson et al, 2012), and autobiographical memory (Lenoble, Janssen & El Haj, 2018; see also El Haj et al, 2014. While the effect of free versus fixed viewing on mnemonic performance is established, the mechanisms of this effect are uncertain.…”

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confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Maintaining fixation does not increase demands on working memory relative to free viewing (v0.2)"

2019

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The comparison of memory performance during free and fixed viewing conditions has been used to demonstrate the involvement of eye movements in memory encoding and retrieval, with stronger effects at encoding than retrieval. Relative to conditions of free viewing, participants generally show reduced memory performance following sustained fixation, suggesting that unrestricted eye movements benefit memory. However, the cognitive basis of the memory reduction during fixed viewing is uncertain, with possible mechanisms including disruption of visual-mnemonic and/or imagery processes with sustained fixation, or greater working memory demands required for fixed relative to free viewing. To investigate one possible mechanism for this reduction, we had participants perform a working memory task -an auditory n-back task -during free and fixed viewing, as well as a repetitive finger tapping condition, included to isolate the effects of motor interference independent of the oculomotor system. As expected, finger tapping significantly interfered with n-back performance relative to free viewing, as indexed by a decrease in accuracy and increase in response times. By contrast, there was no evidence that fixed viewing interfered with n-back performance relative to free viewing. Our findings failed to support a hypothesis of increased working memory load during fixation. They are consistent with the notion that fixation disrupts long-term memory performance through interference with visual processes.

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“…Eye movements during autobiographical memory retrieval were previously evaluated in a study in which participants were invited to retrieve autobiographical memories, and, in a control condition, to count aloud; an eye-tracker recorded the scan path of participants in both conditions (El Haj et al, 2014). The analysis demonstrated a lower number of fixations but a higher number, longer amplitude, and longer duration of saccades during autobiographical memory retrieval than during counting.…”

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“…The analysis demonstrated a lower number of fixations but a higher number, longer amplitude, and longer duration of saccades during autobiographical memory retrieval than during counting. Eye movement activity, as observed during autobiographical memory retrieval, was attributed to the attempt of the visual system to create and manipulate mental representations of the retrieved memories (El Haj et al, 2014). A similar assumption was made in a study comparing eye movements during retrieval of neutral autobiographical memories and emotional autobiographical memories (El Haj, Nandrino, et al, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…While the previous literature has highlighted how autobiographical memory retrieval activates eye movements, its experimental design does not allow firm conclusions about eye movements to be made, as it may occur during autobiographical memory retrieval in everyday interactions. Until now (El Haj et al, 2014, 2020; El Haj & Lenoble, 2017; El Haj, Nandrino, et al, 2017; Lenoble et al, 2019), participants had to retrieve autobiographical memories while looking at a blank screen/wall under which the eye-tracker was positioned. While this design is useful to record eye movements in a restricted visual field (i.e., the screen), it does not accurately reflect autobiographical memory retrieval in everyday interactions.…”

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“Look at Me” – Eye Movements During Autobiographical Retrieval in Face-to-Face Interactions

Lenoble

Haj

2021

Journal of Psychophysiology

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Abstract. There has been a surge in social cognition and social neurosciences research comparing laboratory and real eye movements. Eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories (i.e., personal memories) in laboratory situations are also receiving more attention. We compared eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories using a strict laboratory design versus a design mimicking social interactions. In the first design, eye movements were recorded during autobiographical memory retrieval while participants were looking at a blank screen; in the second design, participants wore eye-tracking glasses and communicated autobiographical memories to the experimenter. Compared with the “screen” design, the “glasses” design yielded more fixations ( p < .05), shorter duration of fixations ( p < .001), more saccades ( p < .01), and longer duration of saccades ( p < .001). These findings demonstrate how eye movements during autobiographical memory retrieval differ between strict laboratory design and face-to-face interactions.

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Autobiographical recall triggers visual exploration

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Mental imagery and autobiographical memory in Alzheimer’s disease.

Mental imagery and autobiographical memory in Alzheimer’s disease.

Peer Review #1 of "Maintaining fixation does not increase demands on working memory relative to free viewing (v0.2)"

“Look at Me” – Eye Movements During Autobiographical Retrieval in Face-to-Face Interactions

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