Autochthonous Human Fascioliasis, Belgium

Milas, Sandrine; Rossi, Camélia; Philippart, Ivan; Dorny, Pierre; Bottieau, Emmanuel

doi:10.3201/eid2601.190190

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Wetland rice-based farming systems have been associated with animal fasciolosis transmission, particularly in regions of South and Southeast Asia where livestock manure is used to fertilize rice fields and animals are then fed with contaminated rice straws (Mahato and Harrison, 2005; Suon et al ., 2006; Nguyen et al ., 2011). In addition, the spatial proximity of infected animals, flooded vegetables usually consumed raw by humans (whether crops fields or small gardens) and shared water supplies may facilitate cross-contamination of crops and/or irrigation waters with parasite free-living stages leading to human infections in both high- and low-income countries (Esteban et al ., 2002; Nguyen et al ., 2011; Chen et al ., 2013; Milas et al ., 2020). Traditional practices such as the use of livestock manure as fertilizers might be risky if manure is not properly managed and stored to decrease the viability of Fasciola eggs (Suhardono et al ., 2006 b ).…”

Section: Social Factors: Human Behaviour As Ultimate Driver Of Fasciomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, cases or outbreaks of human fasciolosis have been reported from eating locally-produced contaminated plants commercialized in urban markets within endemic areas of France (Mailles et al ., 2006) and Australia (Hughes et al ., 2003), or even cultivated in small house gardens (e.g. Milas et al ., 2020 in Belgium).…”

Section: Social Factors: Human Behaviour As Ultimate Driver Of Fasciomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards the comprehension of fasciolosis (re-)emergence: an integrative overview

2020

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The increasing distribution and prevalence of fasciolosis in both human and livestock are concerning. Here, we examine the various types of factors influencing fasciolosis transmission and burden and the interrelations that may exist between them. We present the arsenal of molecules, ‘adjusting’ capabilities and parasitic strategies of Fasciola to infect. Such features define the high adaptability of Fasciola species for parasitism that facilitate their transmission. We discuss current environmental perturbations (increase of livestock and land use, climate change, introduction of alien species and biodiversity loss) in relation to fasciolosis dynamics. As Fasciola infection is directly and ultimately linked to livestock management, living conditions and cultural habits, which are also changing under the pressure of globalization and climate change, the social component of transmission is also discussed. Lastly, we examine the implication of increasing scientific and political awareness in highlighting the current circulation of fasciolosis and boosting epidemiological surveys and novel diagnostic techniques. From a joint perspective, it becomes clear that factors weight differently at each place and moment, depending on the biological, environmental, social and political interrelating contexts. Therefore, the analyses of a disease as complex as fasciolosis should be as integrative as possible to dissect the realities featuring each epidemiological scenario. Such a comprehensive appraisal is presented in this review and constitutes its main asset to serve as a fresh integrative understanding of fasciolosis.

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Section: Social Factors: Human Behaviour As Ultimate Driver Of Fasciomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Factors: Human Behaviour As Ultimate Driver Of Fasciomentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the comprehension of fasciolosis (re-)emergence: an integrative overview

2020

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“…Prevalence rates in humans may reach as high as 67% as demonstrated in a meta-analysis of epidemiological surveys from 38 communities in the Bolivian Altiplano with the highest infection rate in children aged 8-11 years [7]. In Europe, several countries have reported human cases of fascioliasis including Portugal [12], France [13], Spain [14], Belgium [15], among others. In addition, cases from other continents have been reported in Asia [16], Africa [17] and Australia [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The imaging of the liver by computed tomography (CT) may show in the acute infection nodular and fusiform, lowdensity lesions distributed diffusely in the subcapsular and peripheral areas, hypondense serpiginous lesions with centripetal direction, subcapsular hematoma and Glisson's capsule (contrast-enhanced) and necrotic granuloma. [15,20,25]. When a biopsy of the liver is performed for other reasons (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…When a biopsy of the liver is performed for other reasons (i.e. rule out malignancy), the pathology report may show chronic active hepatitis with acute necrosis and presence of eosinophils in portal spaces [15]. After 6 months of successful treatment, CT of the liver may show residual ovoid-shape, calcified, popcorn-like lesions scattered throughout the hepatic parenchyma [20].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Triclabendazole for the treatment of human fascioliasis and the threat of treatment failures

Marcos

Maco

Terashima

2020

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Introduction: The only drug effective against the infection caused by Fasciola hepatica or F. gigantica is triclabendazole (TCBZ), recommended by the WHO and recently approved by the FDA. Here, we describe the evolution of TCBZ regimens and the emergence of TCBZ failure to Fasciola infection. Areas covered: The present review focuses on the evidence of TCBZ for the treatment of fascioliasis. For acute fascioliasis, there is a lack of studies to measure the presence of eggs of Fasciola in stool samples on the follow-up after initial TCBZ treatment. For chronic fascioliasis, WHO recommends a single oral dose of TCBZ 10mg/kg whereas CDC recommends two doses of TCBZ 10mg/kg 12h apart. Incremental number of treatment failures have been documented worldwide. There are currently no therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of fascioliasis in humans. Expert opinion: Most cases of human fascioliasis are successfully treated with TCBZ, but some continue excreting eggs in the stools despite 1-2 standard of care regimens of TCBZ. A precise regimen is unclear for those patients who fail the initial treatment with TCBZ. Further clinical trials are needed to address the possible TCBZ emerging resistance.

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Do natural catastrophic events and exceptional climatic conditions also affect parasites?

et al. 2023

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Parasites and parasitologists have always lived together in good and bad luck in a sort of forced marriage. In recent times bad luck certainly prevailed, because of increasing man-made emergencies such as wars, chemical disasters, but also because of natural disasters, amplified by climate change, that condition more and more parasite–host equilibrium. The symposium at the National Congress of the Italian Society for Parasitology, was a first occasion for Italian parasitologists to reason about ‘disaster parasitology’ and researchers’ responsibilities. Extreme weather events and their impacts on parasites’ epidemiology are illustrated, comparing disasters that recently occurred in Italy with literature data. In particular, the Sardinian Island was hit subsequently by fires and floods exacerbating the effects on ecosystems and parasite–host-relationships. Examples of Cryptosporidium outbreaks in man and Fasciola hepatica infections in various hosts after heavy rains are reviewed and effects of droughts on pasture borne parasites, such as gastro-intestinal nematodes of ruminants are discussed. Heavy rains may also cause dissemination of toxic substances released accidentally from chemical plants as happened e.g. in Milan province (IT) after the dioxin hazard. The overlapping effects of strictly man-made disasters with climate change dependent extreme weather events is further challenging the understanding of what are the consequences of disasters on ecosystems and parasite epidemiology. GIS applications combined with AI programs may help to face the complex challenges, allowing the collection and analysis of spatial/temporal data at whatever level desired. Examples illustrated in the article suggest their employment also in a more systematic, prevention-oriented manner.

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Autochthonous Human Fascioliasis, Belgium

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Towards the comprehension of fasciolosis (re-)emergence: an integrative overview

Towards the comprehension of fasciolosis (re-)emergence: an integrative overview

Triclabendazole for the treatment of human fascioliasis and the threat of treatment failures

Do natural catastrophic events and exceptional climatic conditions also affect parasites?

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