“…Advances in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques and the availability of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of global coverage (Anders et al, 2010;Principato and Lee, 2014;Li and Zhao, 2022) have allowed for the morphological analysis of large cirque datasets to reconstruct palaeoclimate and environmental conditions and to test the buzzsaw hypothesis (Barr and Spagnolo, 2015;Mitchell and Humphries, 2015;Evans and Cox, 2017;Zhang et al, 2020;Li et al, 2023). An ArcGIS toolbox, ACME (Automated Cirque Metric Extraction) was developed by Spagnolo et al (2017) to derive 16 morphological metrics, including length, width, circularity, planar and three-dimensional (3D) area, elevation, slope, aspect, plan closure, and hypsometry.…”